Ghazal Kehne kaa Ek Aasaan T^areeqah

Ghazal Kehne kaa Ek Aasaan T^areeqah

Riyaz Khairabadi kaa ek mash,hoor she'r hai:

Ghazal us ne ch`eRee, mujh`e saaz denaa
Zaraa u'mr-e-raftah ko aavaaz denaa!

abh`ee maiN u'mr kee us manzil ko to naheeN poNhchaa hooN keh doosraa miSra' apnee :anaa: (ego) aur Khush-fehmee ko Khat^reh meN Daale baGhair be-takalluf gun-gunaa sakooN! albattah pehlaa miSra' Z^aroor us Soorat-e-Haal par pooraa utartaa hai jis se maiN akcar do-chaar hotaa rehtaa hooN. is ijmaal kee kuch` tafSeel Z^arooree hai!

(1) mujh` ko e-mail se kayee dost apnee GhazleN bh`ejte rehte haiN keh maiN unheN durust kar dooN. maiN is tavajjuh ke liYe un kaa mamnoon hooN. is liYe naheeN keh maiN is i'zzat kaa mustaHiq hooN, bal.k is liYe keh unhoN ne apne shauq meN mujh` ko shirkat kaa mauqa' diyaa hai.

"internet" ne bohat se logoN ko Urdu Ghazal-goyee kee jaanib maa,il kiyaa hai aur voh is maidaan meN shauq aur meHnat kaa muz^aahirah bh`ee ka rahe haiN. aise sab dost hamaare shukriyeh ke mustaHiq haiN. har shaKhS apnee SalaaHiyatoN ko ab tak chaahe pooree t^araH ba-rooYe-kaar nah laa sakaa ho lekin yeh kahe baGhair to yaqeena" chaahah naheeN hai keh "jo Zarrah jis jagah hai, vaheeN aaftaab hai"!

(2) in GhazloN meN kuch` Ghalat^iyaaN bh`ee hotee haiN. in ko door karnaa, samjh`aanaa aur dostoN ko saHeeH raah se lagaanaa hamaaraa farZ^ bh`ee hai aur in,a'am bh`ee. ummeed hai keh mere i'laavah doosroN ko bh`ee log kalaam dekh`ne ke liYe bh`ejte hoNge. aur agar naheeN bhej` rahe haiN to bh`ejnaa chaahiYe kyoN.k yeh kaam ek shaKhS ke bas kaa naheeN hai.

(3) in GhazloN meN darj-e-Zel qism kee Ghalat^iyaaN hotee haiN:

(a) beHr aur vazn se Khaarij honaa
(b) alfaaz^ aur muHaavaroN kaa Ghalat^ ista'maal
(3) maZ^aameen aur Khayaal kee kamzoree
(4) she'r ke donoN miSro'N meN rabt^ kee kamee, waGhairah.

shaayad in meN sab se a'am aur aham Ghalat^ee ash,a'ar kaa wazn aur beHr meN nah honaa hai. net par kayee meHfiloN meN shaai'ree ke muKhtalif pehlu,oN par mere aur doosre eHbaab ke maZ^aameen haiN. lekin woh kaafee takneekee aur mushkil haiN. nau-aamoz shoa'raa ko un se faa ,idah fauree t^aur se poNhachnaa aasaan naheeN hai. zer-e-naz^ar teHreer kaa maqSad is kamee ko kisee Had tak pooraa karnaa hai. ummeed hai keh is ko paRh`ne ke ba'd :wazn aur beHr: kee diqqateN ek Had tak kam ho jaaYeN gee aur th`oRee see meHnat aur mut^aalia'h se Khatm bh`ee ho saktee haiN.

maiN nau-mashq shoa'raa ke liYe neeche Ghazal kehne kaa ek seedh`aa-saadah aur aazmoodah t^areeqah likh` rahaa hooN jo asaatiZah naYe shaa,i'roN ko bataate haiN. yeh is qadar aasaan aur a'ql-e-saleem (common sense) par mabnee hai keh bohat mumkin hai keh aap is ko pehle se ista'maal kar rahe hoN! doosre log is ko aazmaa kar dekh`eN. ummeed hai keh is ko faa,ideh-mand paaYeN ge.

yeh kehne kee Z^aroorat naheeN hai keh adab-o-she'r kaa mustaqil mutaali,a'h adab-shanaas logoN kee SuHbat, apnee rozaanah kee zindagee meN mumkinah Had tak achh`ee Urdu kaa ziyaadah se ziyaadah ista'maal aur apne fan meN hameshah behtaree kee talaash aap kee manziloN ko aasaan banaa deN gee.

(4) Ghazal kehne kaa ek aasaan t^areeqah:

(a) ek aasaan beHr (meter) aur zameen (ya'nee "qaafiyah+radeef") kaa intiKhaab keejiYe. kisee ustaad shaai'r kee aasaan Ghazal kaa miSra' is kaam ke liYe mauzooN ho gaa. "zameen" aisee ho keh bohat se qavaafee (="qaafiyah" kee jama') muhayya ho sakeN. aisee "zameen" ko "zar-Khez" (fertile) kehte haiN. beHr seedh`ee-saadee ho to kaam aasaan ho jaataa hai.

(b) ab aap "alif" se "ye" tak kee gardaan keejiYe aur radeef ke saath` sab mumkinah qaafiYe kaaGhaz par ooper-neeche likh` leejiYe. yeh fikr nah keejiYe keh kaun saa qaafiyah mushkil hai aur kaun saa aasaan. haaN yeh dekh`naa ho gaa keh kaun saa qaafiyah is beHr/zameen meN naheeN baNdh` saktaa hai! is baat ko aage micaal se samjh`aayaa jaaYe gaa!!

(c) ab jis qaafiyeh par ho sake miSra' mauzooN keejiYe. ya'nee aap asha'ar ke "doosre" (number 2) miSro'N kee pehle fikr keejiYe! ho saktaa hai keh ek hee qaafiyeh par aap ko kayee miSre' soojh`eN. sab ko likh` leejiYe.

is marHaleh meN mushkil kaam hai beHr ke andar rehnaa aur miSre' meN Khayaal kee adaa,igee. Khayaal kee mushkilaat ko is vaqt ch`oRiYe aur beHr par dh`yaan deejiYe. apne miSre' ko aahistah aahistah, Zaraa baland aavaaz se aur har lafz^ ko saHeeH adaa karte huwe paRh`iye. baar baar voh miSra' duhraaiYe jis par Ghazal kahee jaa rahee hai. jahaaN zabaan ravaaN nah ho aur aTke, vahaaN ruk kar dekh`iYe keh kyaa baat hai? kyoN.k yaheeN Ghalat^ee kaa imkaan hai! alfaaz^ kee "heraa-pheree" keejiYe keh kam se kam alfaaz^ meN aap kaa mat^lab adaa ho sake.

(d) ab apne miSro'N ko ph`ir se dekh`iYe. aap ko eHsaas hogaa keh bohat se "doosre" miSre' apnaa "pehlaa" miSra' aap ko sujh`aa rahe haiN keh "yooN kaho to maZ^moon ban jaaYe gaa"! in miSro'N ko likh` leejiYe.

(e) awwal awwal aap ko Sirf ch`e (6) se aaTh` (8) asha`ar kee fikr karnee hai. ab aap apne :asha`ar: par Ghaur keejiYe, maZ^moon ko dekh`iYe, baat kee adaa,igee ko parakh`iYe. she'r ravaaN hai? baat banee keh naheeN? she'r paRh` kar dil (th`oRaa saa hee sahee!) Khush huaa keh naheeN? donoN miSro'N kaa rabt^ aasaanee se samajh` meiN aataa hai keh naheeN? yeh aur isee t^araH ke "common sense" savaal Khud se keejiYe aur be-dardee se apne asha'ar par tanqeed aur :cheer-.ph`aaR: keejiYe. aur jab kisee she'r se dil Khush ho to haath` baRh`aa kar apne aap ko :shaabaashee: de leejiYe!

(f) ab is Ghazal ko kisee ke paas bh`ej deN kyoN.k abh`ee aur :surgery: baaqee hai! yaad rakh`iYe k aap se koyee yeh naheeN kahe gaa keh aap apnee koshishoN meN kaheeN na :gireN:, haaN yeh Z^aroor ummeed rakh`ee jaaYe gee keh aap her martabah "gir kar uTh` kh`aRe hoN" aur aglee martabah usee Th`okar se bachne kee koshish kareN!

ab is teHreer kee doosree qist^ meN ham is t^areeqeh ko ista'maal kar ke ek Ghazal
kehne kee koshish kareN ge!

lekin kyaa yeh kaam itnaa hee aasaan hai jaisaa bataayaa gayaa hai? aa,iYe ab ham is t^areeqeh ko ista'maal kar ke ek Ghazal kaheN! dekh`eN to sahee keh yeh "Sarwar A. Raz" SaaHeb kitne paanee meN haiN!

ham jo Ghazal keheN ge woh aasaan ho gee. mushkil Ghazal ba'd meN dekh`ee jaaYe gee. Ghazal kehne se pehle ek bunyaadee baat sun leejiYe: yeh tareeqah is naz^ariyeh (concept) par mabnee hai keh shuroo' shuroo' meN kisee Khayaal yaa jaZbeh kee Zehnee Soorat-garee (conceptualization) aur ph`ir us kaa munaasib aur dilkash alfaaz^ meN she'r kee shakl meN iz^haar mushkil hote haiN. albattah, Khayaal-o-jaZbeh ko alfaaz^ kaa paaband aur muqallid (follower) banaa kar she'r mauzooN karnaa nisbata" aasaan hotaa hai. jab vaqt aur mashq ke saath` jaZbeh aur alfaaz^ ke baa-hamaee "taal-male" aur rabt^-o-Z^abt^ se waaqifiyyat ho jaatee hai to ph`ir Khayaal aur eHsaas kee Zehnee Soorat-garee aur ba'd az-aaN she'r-goyee meN itnee mushkil naheeN reh jaatee hai. doosre alfaaz^ meN yooN samajh`iYe keh is waqt jo maZ^moon aap ke miSro'N ke alfaaz^ sujh`aaYeN un par hee iktifaa keejiYe!

hazaaroN jaam-haaYe-talKh-o-sheereeN peene paRte haiN
baRee mushkil se koyee aashnaaYe- raaz hotaa hai! (Raz Chandpuri)

to aa,iYe kaam shuroo' kareN!

(1) sab se pehle ham ek aasaan miSra' muntaKhib karte haiN. aisaa miSra' keh beHr aasaan ho, zameen "zarKhez" ho (ya'nee is meN bohat se qaafiye mil jaayeN), aur jis kee bandish seedh`ee saadee ho. mazeed yeh keh yeh sab a'naaSir ham ko sochne, samajh`ne aur kam se kam alfaaz^ meN apnee baat kehne kee ijaazat bh`ee deN. yeh miSra'-e-t^araH darj-e-Zel hai:

"Husn jab be-Hijaab hotaa hai"

zameen: "aab hotaa hai, Kharaab hotaa hai"
radeef: hai
qawaafee: aab, Kharaab, kitaab, shabaab waGhairah

yeh itnaa seedh`aa saadah miSra' hai keh bohat mumkin hai keh hamaare aaj ke kayee miSre' aur asha'ar is se pehle koyee shaai'r keh chukaa ho! goyaa, doosroN se "tawaarud" (=ittifaaqee mumaacilat i.e.,similarity) kaa bohat imkaan hai!. bohat se miSre' to b.ilkul "saamne ke" hoN ge jo har Zehn meN aa sakte haiN.

(2) aap jitne mumkin hoN qaafiye sochiYe aur kaaGhaz per u'moodee shakl meN (vertically) likh` leejiYe. maiN jagah bachaane ke liYe kuch` qavaafee ek line se likh`taa hooN:

aab, baab, intiKhaab, kaamyaab, Hisaab, niSaab, a'Zaab, cawaab, sharaab, Khit^aab, Hijaab, javaab, janaab, vaGhairah.

yeh dekh`iYe keh yeh sab qavaafee is beHr meN baaNdh`e jaa sakte haiN (ya'nee "fit" ho jaayeN ge!). lekin kuch` qaafiye aise bh`ee haiN keh is beHr meN "fit" naheeN ho sakte haiN, macala" :

naayaab, aadaab, sharaab-e-naab, eejaab, vaGhairah.

aap miSra'-e-t^araH ko gungunaa kar dekh` leN (lekin bejaa "kh`eeNch-taan" hargiz nah kareN!) keh agar aap yeh qavaafee us beHr (meter) meN lagaayeN ge to miSre' kee ravaanee Khatm ho jaaYe gee aur us ko adaa karte huYe aap kee zabaan laRkh`aRaaye gee, yaa alfaaz^ ko "toRnaa-maroRnaa" paRe gaa! is kaa mat^lab yeh hai keh yeh qavaafee is beHr meN naheeN aa sakte haiN.

(3) jaisaa keh pehle kahaa gayaa th`aa, ab oopar ke qavaafee ko le kar apne asha'ar ke "doosre" miSre' mauzooN keejiYe. is dauraan meN t^araH kaa miSra' baar-baar duhraaiYe aur dekh`iYe keh aap ke miSre' us se male kh`aate haiN keh naheeN? maiN bh`ee ach`he-bure sab t^araH ke chand miSre' likh`taa hooN:

aap apnaa javaab hotaa hai
bas vohee ik javaab hotaa hai

is meN Khaanah Kharaab hotaa hai
koYee yooN bh`ee Kharaab hotaa hai?
apnaa Huliyah Kharaab hotaa hai!

ham ko jeenaa a'zaab hotaa hai

yooN bh`ee a'alee-janaab! hotaa hai!
kaun kis kaa, janaab! hotaa hai?

ham peh har dam i'taab hotaa hai

i'shq jab kaamyaab hotaa hai

yeh Zarrah aaftaab hotaa hai (oops! beHr se Khaarij ho gayaa!)
Zarrah yeh aaftaab hotaa hai (ab Theek hai! alfaaz^ kee "heraa-ph`eree" isee kaa naam hai!)

dekh`iYe ab be-niqaab hotaa hae (uffoh! ph`ir Khaarij-az-beHr ho gayaa!)
dekh`iYe be-niqaab hotaa hai (yeh huyee nah baat!)

mustaqil iZ^t^iraab hotaa hai
roz-o-shab iZ^t^iraab hotaa hai
raat din iZ^t^iraab hotaa hai

i'shq naa-kaamyaab hotaa hai

ab sukooN Khayaal-o-Khwaab hotaa hai (ahaa! hogayaa nah Ghalat? "Khayaal" pooree t^arah adaa naheeN ho rahaa hai!)
ab sukooN meraa Khwaab hotaa hai (shaabaash!)

leejiYe! kitne miSre' ho gaYe. aur voh jo aap ne kahe haiN to voh alag haiN!

(4) ab in par Ghaur keejiYe, aur baar baar in par naz^ar-e-tanqeed keejiYe. dekh`iye keh kuch` miSre` aise haiN jo apnaa "saathee" (ya'nee, pehlaa miSra`) Khud hee sujh`aa rahe haiN! ya'nee in ko paRh`iye to apne aap dil aur Zehn kisee Khayaal aur miSre` kee jaanib jaate haiN keh "kyoN? agar yooN kaheN to kaisaa rahe gaa?"

to aa,iYe in "doosre" miSro'N ko likh` leN.

(5) lekin Zaraa Th`ehriYe! yeh kyaa keh oopar ke chand miSre` aise haiN keh un ko milaa,iYe to Ghazal kaa mat^la' ho saktaa hai! waah "Sarwar Saaheb" waah! yeh to baRe maze kee baat huyee. to in ko likh` leN?

Husn jab be-niqaab hotaa hai
aap apnaa javaab hotaa hai!

i'shq jab kaamyaab hotaa hai
apnaa Huliya Kharaab hotaa hai!

(hmmm! baat to Th`eek hai, magar apne aap ko badnaam karne kee kyaa Z^aroorat hai? is mat^le' ko to "bye-bye" kehnaa hogaa.)

(6) achh`aa to ab qadam baRh`aaYeN aur voh miSre` likh`e jaaYeN jo oopar kahe gaYe miSre` ham ko sujh`aa rahe haiN.

(7) bal.k yooN karte haiN keh voh chand aur miSre` jo alag se Zehn meN aa rahe haiN (aur oopar ke miSro'N ke sujh`aaYe huYe naheeN haiN) un ko bh`ee likh`te jaate haiN.

(8) ph`ir lage haath`oN in naYe miSro'N ke saath` oopar ke miSre` milaa kar "kachche-pakke" asha'ar banaate jaate haiN. ba'd meN in par nazar-e-caanee kar ke "ch`aTnee" kareN ge aur apne mat^lab ke asha'ar se Ghazal murattab kar leN ge. achh`aa to suniYe:

(1)
jab bh`ee tum se savaal kartaa hooN
jab bh`ee un se savaal karte haiN
tum se kis dil se maiN savaal karooN?

bas vohee ik javaab hotaa hai!

(2)
zindagee hai keh ik qiyaamat hai
i'shq meN dekh` kar chalo her dam
i'shq meN ph`ooNk kar qadam rakh`naa!

is meN Khaanah Kharaab hotaa hai!

(3)
kis t^araH Haal-e-dil kahooN tum se
Haal-e-dil tum se maiN kahooN kaise
tum ne meree kabh`ee sunee bh`ee hai?

baat karnaa a'Zaab hotaa hai!

(4)
tum ko jeene meN lut^f aataa hai
ham ko jeenaa a'Zaab hotaa hai!

(5)
aap kee mehrbaaN-nigaahee se (huNhhhhhh?)
aap kee mehrbaaN nigaahoN se

Zarrah yeh aaftaab hotaa hai

(6)
jab milo ge to tum se pooch`eN ge
aap se ham kareN gilaa kaise?
aap se ham kareN to kyaa shikvah?
koyee shikvah naheeN hameN tum se!
aap se ham kareN shikaayat kyaa?

yooN bh`ee, a'alee-jaab! hotaa hai!

(7)
Khaak hai aisee zindagaanee par
aisaa ham ne kiyaa hai kyaa SaaHeb?
ho gayaa ham se kyaa buraa SaaHeb?
ho gayee kaun see Khat^aa SaaHeb?

mustaqil iZ^t^iraab hotaa hai (yeh to baat banee naheeN!)

(8)
har gh`aRee ek aazmaa,ish hai!
ph`ool kh`ilte haiN, ph`ool girte haiN!
Khaak ho aisee zindagaanee par!

roz ik inqilaab hotaa hai!

(9)
ek duniyaa se be-takalluf ho!
taubah! taubah! Khudaa, Khudaa keeje

bas hameeN se Hijaab hotaa hai!

(10) aur haaN maqta' to rahaa hee jaa rahaa hai!

taubah, taubah! Khudaa, Khudaa! "Sarwar"!
koyee yooN bh`ee Kharaab hotaa hai?

dekh`iYe SaaHeb! yeh kam az kam 10 asha'ar to ho gaYe. in ke i'laava aap ne kahe hoN ge. to agar in sab ko yak-jaa kiyaa jaaYe aur Zaraa Ghaur se in ko nazar-e-iSlaaH se dekh`aa jaaYe to kam se kam chaar-ch`e (4-6) achh`e ash,a'ar to nikal hee aayeN ge! ab meree mushkil yeh hai keh mere paas aap ke ash,a`ar naheeN haiN! to apnee koshish par hee Sabr kartaa hooN aur yooN Ghazal murattab kartaa hooN:

Ghazal:

Husn jab be-niqaab hotaa hai
aap apnaa javaab hotaa hai!

i'shq meN ph`ooNk kar qadam rakh`naa
is meN Khaanah Kharaab hotaa hai!

tum! keh jeenaa a'zeez rakh`te ho!
ham! keh jeenaa a'Zaab hotaa hai!

ph`ool kh`ilte haiN, ph`ool girte haiN!
roz ik inqilaab hotaa hai!

jab milo ge to tum se pooch`eN ge
yooN bh`ee, a'alee-janaab! hotaa hai?

taubah taubah, Khudaa Khudaa "Sarwar"!
koyee yooN bh`ee Kharaab hotaa hai?

yahaaN yeh sabaq Khatm hotaa hai. ab aap is par mashq keejiYe aur apnee raaYe aur mushkilaat se aagaah keejiYe!

yaar zindah, SuHbat baaqee!

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