Dilchasp Adabee BaateN # 1

Dilchasp Adabee BaateN #1

(A) Tamheed:

kaafee muddat huyee maiN ne internet kee ek Urdu meHfil meN :Dilchasp Adabee Haqaa,eq: ke u'nwaan se maZ^aameen kaa ek silsilah pesh kiyaa th`aa. yeh silsilah Arif Lucknawee SaaHeb ke un maZ^aameen par mabnee th`aa jo unhoN ne barr-e-SaGheer ke muKhtalif Urdu risaaloN meN likh`e th`e. chooN.k bairoon-e-Hind-o-Pak ke Urdu shaa,iqeen kee rasaayee in risaaloN tak naheeN hai is liYe maiN ne is silsileh ko ma'moolee tabdeeliyoN ke saath` "net" par chaspaaN kar diyaa th`aa. zer-e-naz^ar maZ^moon unheeN maZ^aameen kee ek "taraqqee-yaaftah" shakl hai jo maiN ab ziyaadah wasee' paimaaneh par dunyaa-e-Urdu ke saamne pesh kar rahaa hooN.

is silsileh meN chand aham baateN ma'rooZ^ee haiN:

(1) is teHreer kaa koyee HiSSah raaqim-ul-Huroof kee teHqeeq kaa nateejah naheeN hai. is kaam kaa sehraa Arif Lucknawee aur un doosre eHbaab ke sar jaataa hai jinhoN ne yeh teHqeeq kee, yaa ba'd meN is meN iZ^aafah kiyaa.

(2) maiN ne Sirf is teHqeeq ko muKhtaSar tabdeeliyoN aur iZ^aafoN ke saath` pesh kiyaa hai. is meN meree t^aba'zaad koyee cheez naheeN hai. yeh waZ^aaHat nihaayat Z^arooree hai taa.k mujh` par sarqeh (choree) kaa ilzaam nah lag sake! ummeed hai keh maZ^moon paRh`te waqt aap yeh baat Zehn meN rakh`eN ge. shukriyah!

Arif Lucknawee SaaHeb ne :Dilchasp Adabee Haqaa,eq: ke silsieh meN aise dilchasp adabee aur she'ree waaqi,a'at aur Haqaa,eq par raushanee Daalee hai jin se Urdu kaa a'am qaaree waaqif naheeN hai aur agar hai bh`ee to achh`ee t^araH se naheeN hai. micaal ke t^aur par bohat se ash,a'ar aur miSre' logoN ke ista'maal meN haiN lekin unheN shaa,i'r kaa naam naheeN ma'loom hai, yaa woh she'r ke doosre miSre' se naa-waaqif haiN, yaa unheN she'r kee :shaan-e-nuzool: (ya'nee she'r kis mauqe' par aur kyoN kahaa gayaa th`aa) kaa i'lm naheeN hai.

in baatoN kee daryaaft aur taSdeeq kaa kaam bohat teHqeeq aur meHnat chaahtaa hai. Aarif Saaheb is ke liYe hamaare shukriyeh ke mustaHiq haiN. yaqeen hai ke aap sab in dilchasp adabee baatoN se meHz^ooz^-o-mustafeed hoN ge. yahaaN yeh kehnaa naa-munaasib naheeN hai keh Arif SaaHeb kee teHqeeq ko paRh` kar kayee Urdu-dost eHbaab ne is meN iZ^aafeh kiYe haiN aur is silsileh ko mazeed dilchasp banaayaa hai. maiN ne in iZ^aafoN ko bh`ee yahaaN shaamil kar liyaa hai. maiN in dostoN kaa bh`ee mamnoon hooN.

(B) Taqreeb-e-mulaaqaat: ab aap aise waaq,ia'at aur Haadicaat kaa lut^f uTh`aa,iYe jo is maZ^moon kaa mauZ^oo' haiN!

(1) apnaa maaZ^ee har ek ko pyaaraa hotaa hai aur guZree huyee baateN bh`alee ma'loom hotee haiN. aap ne dekh`aa ho gaa ke log puraanaa zamaanah yaad kar ke ek miS'ra dilsozee se paRh`te haiN:

woh a'ashiqee ke haaYe zamaane kidh`ar gaYe?

mukammal sh'r is t^araH hai:

ph`irte th`e dasht-dasht, diwaane kidh`ar gaYe?
woh a'ashiqee ke haaYe zamaane kidh`ar gaYe?

yeh she'r Shah Mubaarak "Arzoo" (shaagird-e-Khaan Arzoo) kaa hai. mauSoof Gwalior (India) ke rehne waale th`e magar beshtar u'mr Delhi meN guZree. un kaa zamaanah 1756 ke lag-bh`ag kaa hai. un kaa ek aur mat^la' darj-e-zel hai:

sar se lagaa ke paa,ooN talak dil huwaa hooN maiN
yaaN tak to fann-e-i'shq me'N kaamil huwaa hooN maiN

(2) ek she'r zabaaN-zad-e-KhaaS-o-a'am hai aur ham is ko mauqa'-bemauqa' paRh`te rehte haiN:

ab to aaraam se guZartee hai
a'aqibat kee Khabar Khudaa jaane!

awwal to yeh she'r hee Ghalat^ paRh`aa jaataa hai, doosre dar-aSl yeh ek qite' kaa HiSSah hai jo Mughal baadshaah Shah Alam kaa hai. Shah Alam kaa taKhalluS "Aftab" th`aa. pooraa qit^a' is t^araH hai:

SubH uTh` jaam se guZartee hai
shab Dil-Aaraam se guZartee hai
a'aqibat kee Khabar Khudaa jaane
ab to aaraam se guZartee hai!

Shah Alam "Aftab" kaa ek aur she'r nazr-e-qaari,een hai:

aaYe jo Khwaab meN bh`ee woh maah-e-liqaa to ph`ir
ai "Aftab"! daulat-e-bedaar jaaniYe!

(3) jab koyee shaKhS kisee doosre ke phaTe meN pair aRaataa hai aur Khwaah-maKhwaah daKhl-dar-ma'qoolaat kartaa hai to log us se az-raah-e-naSeeHat-o-tanbeeh kehte haiN keh:

GhairoN kee tujh` ko kyaa paRee, apnee nabeR too!

yeh miSra' bh`ee akcar Ghalat^ paRh`aa jaataa hai. is kee SaHeeH shakl yooN hai:

tujh` ko paraayee kyaa paRee, apnee nabeR too!

yeh ShaiKh Muhammad Ibrahim "Zauq" (Mirza Ghalib ke ham-a'Sr) kee ek Ghazal kaa mat^la' hai. "Zauq" aaKhiree Mughal baadshaah Bahadur Shah "Zafar" ke ustaad th`e. shaa,i'ree meN "Ghalib" aur "Zauq" kee chashmakeN nehaayat mash,hoor hain. har-chand keh "Zauq" ke yahaan "Ghalib" kee see balandee-e-Khayaal, nudrat-e-maZ^aameen aur lat^aafat-e-zabaan-o-bayaan naheeN haiN ph`ir bh`ee un kaa kalaam zabaan-o-muHavare kee Safaayee aur ciqaahat ke liYe ma'roof hai aur un kaa shumaar Urdu ke choTee ke mustanad sho,a'raa meN hotaa hai. is nihaayat mushkil zameen meN Zauq kee maZkoorah Ghazal ke mazeed chand ash,a'ar darj-e-zel haiN:

rind-e-Kharaab-Haal ko, zaahid, nah ch`eR too
tujh` ko paraayee kyaa paRee, apnee nabeR too

naaKhun Khudaa nah de tujh`e ai panjah-e-junooN!
de gaa tamaam a'ql ke baKhiYe udh`eR too

yeh tang-naaYe-dehr naheeN manzil-e-faraaGh
Ghaafil! nah paa,ooN HirS ke phailaa, sukeR too!

ulfat kaa gar hai naKhl to sarsabz hoYe gaa
sau baar jaR se ph`eNk de us ko ukh`eR too

u'mr-e-ravaaN kaa tausan-e-chaalaak is liYe
tujh` ko diyaa keh jald kare yaaN se eR too

aawaaragee se koo-e-muHabbat kee haath` uTh`aa
ai "Zauq"! yeh uTh`aa nah sake gaa kh`ukeR too!

(4) log jab kisee shaKhS ko doosroN ke raaz-e-daroon-e-Khaanah afshaa karte huwe sunte haiN to az-raah-e-i'brat-o-afsos us ko tanbeeh karte huwe kehte haiN keh "aisaa nah kaho, kyoN.k":

muNh se niklee, huyee paraayee baat!

u'mooma" logoN ko nah to is she'r kaa doosraa miSra` ma'loom hai aur nah hee shaa,i'r ke naam kaa i'lm hai. yeh miSra' Khwajah Haidar Ali "Atish" kaa hai jin kaa shumaar shaa,i'ree ke asaatiZah meN hotaa hai. mu,a'amilah-bandee, zabaan-o-bayaan kee nafaasat-o-lat^aafat, neez u'loo-e-Khayaal aap kee GhazaloN kee numaayaaN KhuSooSiyaat haiN. is Ghazal ke chand ash,a'ar mulaaHiz^ah farmaa,iYe:

lab-e-sheereeN tak un kee aayee baat
ban gayee qand kee miTh`aayee baat

taazagee fikr kee kabh`ee nah gayee
jab sunaayee, nayee sunaayee baat

yeh sadaa aatee hai Khamoshee se
muNh se niklee, huyee paraayee baat

daaman us gul kaa kyaa ch`ooYe gee Sabaa
yeh kisee ne hai jh`ooT uRaayee baat

tere sheereeN kalaam ko sun kar
ph`ir nah "Atish" kisee kee bh`aayee baat

(5) Mir Taqi "Mir" (d:1810) kee shaa,i'raanah a'z^mat ke e'tiraaf meN Mirza "Ghalib" (1797-1869) kaa yeh she'r bohat mash,hoor hai:

"Ghalib" apnaa yeh a'qeeda hai ba-qaul-e-"NasiKh"
"aap be-behrah hai jo mo'taqid-e-"Mir" naheeN:

jaisaa keh "Ghalib" ne kahaa hai is she'r kaa doosraa miSra' ShaiKh Imam Bakhsh "NasiKh" (d:1838) kaa hai. "Nasikh" kaa kalaam unkee mushkil-pasandee ke liYe mash,hoor hai. un ke jis she'r kaa miSra' "Ghalib" ne ista'maal kiyaa hai woh yooN hai:

shub,h "Nasikh" naheeN kuch` "Mir" kee ustaadee meN
aap be-behrah hai jo mo'taqid-e-"Mir" naheeN

ab ShaiKh "Nasikh" kaa Zikr aayaa hai to un ke teen (3) ash,a'ar aur sun leejiYe jo Z^arab-ul-macal ke t^aur par zabaan-zad-e-KhaaS-o-a'am haiN:

zindagee zindah-dilee kaa naam hai
murdah-dil Khaak jiyaa karte haiN!

siyah-baKhtee meN kab koyee kisee kaa saath` detaa hai
keh taareekee meN saayah bh`ee judaa hotaa hai insaaN se

raNg laatee hai Hinaa patth`ar peh pis jaane ke ba'd
surKh-roo hotaa hai insaaN Th`okareN kh`aane ke ba'd

(6) Mirza Asad-Ullah Khan "Ghalib" apne se baRoN kee a'z^mat ke e'tiraaf meN b.ilkul naheeN hichkichaate th`e. "Mir" ke Hawaaleh se un kaa she'r oopar aa hee chukaa hai. un kaa ek aur mash,hoor she'r hai keh:

t^arz-e-Bedil men reKhtah kehnaa
Asad-Ullah Khan! qeyaamat hai!

is she'r meN "Ghalib" ne apne maHboob shaa,i'r Mirza Abdul Qader "Bedil" kaa Zikr kiyaa hai aur un ke andaaz-e-bayaan meN Urdu Ghazal likh`ne kee mushkilaat kaa e'tiraaf bh`ee kiyaa hai. Mirza Abdul Qader "Bedil" (wafaat 1721) Dehlee ke rehne waale th`e aur Farsee ke be-micaal shaa,i'r the. un kee shaa,i'ree kaa ek dilfareb aur munfarid andaaz th`a. woh seedh`e-saade maZ^moon ko bh`ee intihaayee KhoobSoorat lab-o-lehje meN, lekin itne hee pecheedah t^areeqeh se, baaNdh`te th`e ke maZ^moon nah Sirf aasaanee se samajh` meN aa jaataa th`aa bal.k us kaa lut^f-e-bayaan bh`ee dobaalaa ho jaataa th`aa. Mirza "Bedil" ne Urdu meN bh`ee muKhtaSar see t^aba'-aazmaayee kee hai jis ke mut^aal,ie' se ma'loom hotaa hai keh agar woh Urdu kee jaanib tavajjuh karte to us meN bh`ee nihaayat baland-paayah shaa,i'r qaraar diYe jaate. un ke do Urdu ash,a'ar pesh-e-Khidmat haiN:

mat pooch` dil kee baateN, voh dil kahaaN hai ham meN?
us tuKhm-e-benishaaN kaa HaaSil kahaaN hai ham meN?

jab dil ke aastaaN par i'shq aan kar pukaaraa
pardeh se yaar bola :"Bedil" kahaaN hai ham meN?

(7) Nawab Mirza Khan "Dagh" Dehlavi shaa,i'ree meN Mirza "Ghalib" ke shaagird th`e. un ka kalaam taGhazzul aur zabaan-o-bayaan kee Safaayee ke liYe mash,hoor hai. lafz^ :Ghazal: kaa luGhavee mat^lab :apne maHboob se guftgoo karna: hai. is Hawaaleh se "Dagh" kee shaa,i'ree meN a'ashiqaanah maZ^aameen, mu,a'amialah-bandee, hijr-o-viSaal ke qiSSe waGhairah ba-kacrat milte haiN. Ghazal ke doosre mauZ^oo,a'at macala" dunyaa kee be-cabaatee, ma'rifat, taSawwuf waGhairah par un kaa zor nisbata" kam hai. is kee ek vajh to un kee uftaad-e-t^aba' th`ee aur doosree wajh yeh th`ee keh un kee saaree zindagee a'ish-o-aaraam se ameeraanah maaHaul meN kaTee. Ghurbat,tang-dastee aur pareshaanee kaa unko kabh`ee saamnaa naheeN karnaa paRaa. ph`ir yeh bh`ee ek aham baat hai keh un kee zindagee hee meN un kee bohat qadr huyee jis kee ek micaal yeh hai (aur yeh us zamaaneh meN shaa,i'ree ke qubool-e-a'am kaa ek paimaana th`aa!) keh jitnee GhazleN "Dagh" kee zanaan-e-bazaaree (ya'nee tawaa,efoN) ne gaayeeN kisee aur shaa,i'r kee naheen gaayee gayeeN! aaKhir-e-u'mr meN "Dagh" Nizam-e-Decaan ke ustaad ho gaYe th`e aur usee zamaaneh meN (a'llamah) Iqbal ne un ke saamne zaanoo-e-talammuz teh kar ke kuch` din un se iSlaaH lee thee. zel meN "Dagh" ke chand ash,a'ar pesh kiYe jaate hain jo un kee a'am shaa,i'ree ke raNg se muKhtalif haiN:

Gham-e-dunyaa se gar paayee bh`ee ruKhSat sar uThaane kee
falak kaa dekh`naa taqreeb tere yaad aane kee

"Dagh":-e-waaraftah-e-ulfat kaa Th`ikaana kyaa hai
Khaanah-barbaad ne muddat huyee gh`ar ch`oR diyaa

hosh-o-havaas, taab-o-tavaaN "Dagh"! jaa chuke
ab ham bh`ee jaane vaale haiN, saamaan to gayaa

mire aashiyaaN ke to th`e chaar tinke
chaman uR gayaa aaNdh`iyaaN aate aate

(8) dostoN kee be-wafaayee aur be-ruKhee par shikaayata" aur t^anza" log ek she'r paRh`aa karte haiN:

waabastah meree yaad se kuch` talKhiyaaN bh`ee th`eeN
achh`a kiyaa jo aap ne mujh` ko bh`ulaa diyaa!

u'mooma" yeh she'r "Saahir" Ludhiaanawee kaa bataayaa jaataa hai jo keh Ghalat^ hai. is she'r kee SaHeeH shakl Hasb-e-zel hai:

waabastah meree yaad se kuch` talKhiyaaN bh`ee th`eeN
achh`a kiyaa jo tum ne faraamosh kar diyaa!

aur yeh she'r Hasan "Lateefee" kaa hai jo "Saahir" ke ham-wat^an bh`ee th`e aur ham-a'Sr bh`ee! un kaa majmooa'h-e-kalaam 1989 meN Lahore se shaaye' huwaa th`aa jab.k woh Khud 1953 meN intiqaal kar chuke th`e.

(9) log puraane zamaaneh kee baateN yaad kar ke jab apnee HasratoN kaa Zikr karte haiN yaa buRhaape meN apne guZre dinoN ko yaad karte haiN to a'am t^aur se ek she'r paRh`aa jaataa hai:

waqt-e-peeree shabaab kee baateN
aisee haiN jaise Khwaab kee baateN!

yeh she'r ShaiKh Muhamaad Ibrahim "Zauq" kaa hai jo aaKhiree Mughal baadshaah Bahadur Shah "Zafar" ke ustaad aur "Ghalib" ke ham-a'sr th`e. un kee aur Mirza "Ghalib" kee shaa,i'raanah chashmakeN hamaaree adabee taareeKh kaa ek dilchasp HiSSah haiN. ustaad "Zauq" kee isee Ghazal ke chand aur ash,a'ar mulaaHiZ^ah keejiYe:

ph`ir mujh`e le chalaa udh`ar dekh`o!
dil-e-Khanah-Kharaab kee baateN!

tujh` ko rusvaa kareNgee Khoob ai dil!
teree yeh iZ^t^iraab kee baateN

dekh` ai dil! nah ch`eR qiSSah-e-zulf
keh yeh haiN pech-o-taab kee baateN

Zikr kyaa josh-e-i'shq meN ai "Zauq"
ham se hoN Sabr-o-taab kee baateN

ab "Zauq" kaa Zikr chalaa hai to un kee ek aur mash,hoor Ghazal ke kuch` ash,a'ar sun leejiYe:

laayee Hayaat aaYe, qaZ^aa le chalee, chale!
apnee Khushee nah aaYe, nah apnee Khushee chale

behtar to hai yehee ke nah dunyaa se dil lage
par kyaa kareN jo kaam nah be-dil-lagee chale?

dunyaa ne kis kaa raah-e-fanaa meN diyaa hai saath`
tum bh`ee chale chalo yooN hee jab tak chalee chale

(10) jab kisee mushkil mas,aleh ke Hal meN koyee kacar reh jaatee hai yaa mazeed pareshaanee kee Soorat paidaa hone lagtee hai to log kuch` t^anz se aur kuch` iz^haar-e-Haqeeqat ke liYe kehte haiN keh "abh`ee Dillee door hai". is fiqreh kee bunyaad Mir Taqi "Mir" ke is she'r par hai:

shikvah-e-aablah abh`ee se "Mir"?
hai piyaare hunooz Dillee door!

doosre miSre' meN "piyaare" kaa talaffuz^ qaabil-e-Ghaur hai kyoN.k yeh hamaare jaane-pehchaane "pyaare" se muKhtalif hai! agar she'r meN ise "pyaare" baaNdh`aa aur paRh`aa jaaYe to miSra` wazn se Khaarij ho jaaYe gaa. is qism ke ijtihaadaat "Mir" ke yahaaN kaafee ta'daad meN milte haiN aur akcar in kee bunyaad alfaaz^ ke aise ista'maal aur talaffuz^ par hotee hai jo us zamaaneh ke a'waam meN maqbool th`aa.

isee t^araH kisee mushkil manzil se SaHeeH-salaamat guZar jaane par Allah kaa shukr adaa karte huwe yeh miSra` paRh`aa jaataa hai:

jaan hai to jahaan hai pyaare!

yeh bh`ee "Mir" kaa hee miSra' hai. pooraa she'r suniYe:

"Mir"! a'madan bh`ee koyee martaa hai? (a'madan = jaan-boojh` kar)
jaan hai to jahaan hai pyaare!

dekh`iYe "Mir" ke ash,a'ar kaise kaise maqaamaat par ista'maal hote haiN aur logoN ko i'lm bh`ee naheeN hotaa keh in kaa Khaaliq kaun hai.

isee t^araH jab koyee shaKhS kisee doosre se ba-taur hamdardee aur dostee us kaa Haal pooch`taa hai to woh shaKhS shukriyah adaa karte huwe yooN kehtaa hai:

tum ne pooch`aa to mehrbaanee kee!

yeh bh`ee Khudaa-e-suKhan "Mir" ke she'r kaa ek miSra' hai. pooraa she'r yooN hai:

Haal-e-bad guftanee naheeN meraa (guftanee = kehne ke laa,iq)
tum ne pooch`aa to mehrbaanee kee!

(11) "Mir" kee t^araH "Momin" ke bh`ee kay,ee miSre` aur ash,a`ar logoN kee zabaan par Z^arb-ul-imcaal ke t^aur par chaRh`e huwe haiN. macala" koyee shaKhS kisee doosre kee shikaayat kare aur nateejeh meN ulTaa Khud us kaa hee quSoor nikal aaYe to log t^anza" ek miSra' paRh`te haiN:

maiN ilzaam us ko detaa th`aa, quSoor apnaa nikal aayaa

pooraa she'r yooN hai:

yeh u'Zr-e-imtiHaan-e-jaZb-e-dil kaisaa nikal aayaa?
maiN ilzaam us ko detaa th`aa, quSoor apnaa nikal aayaa!

isee t^araH agar beHc ke dauraan kisee shaKhS ke saare dalaa,il baat^il caabit hoN to log haNs kar kehte haiN keh:

da'wah-e-KhiZ^r be-daleel huwaa!

yeh bh`ee "Momin" ke she'r kaa ek miSra' hai. she'r is t^araH hai:

aasmaaN raah par naheeN aataa
da'wah-e-KhiZ^r be-daleel huwaa!

(KhiZ^r ek paiGhambar kaa naam hai jin se bh`oole-bh`aTke musaafiroN kee raah-numaayee mansoob hai)

Momin Khan "Momin" kaa ek miSra' to is qadar maqbool hai keh us kee tashreeH ke liYe poore she'r kaa likh` denaa hee kaafee hai:

u'mr saaree to kaTee i'shq-e-butaaN meN "Momin"
aaKhiree waqt meN kyaa Khaak musalmaaN hoNge!

aap ne yeh bh`ee dekh`aa ho gaa keh log kisee ko us ke aSlee (yaa farZ^ee!) i'shq se baaz rakh`ne kee koshish kareN to woh keh detaa hai keh "kyaa karooN? dil par bas hee naheeN hai"! Momin is ko yooN kehte haiN:

jo ph`ir jaaYe us be-vafaa se to jaanooN
ke dil par naheeN zor chaltaa kisee kaa!

aur aap ne logoN ko tasallee dete huwe kisee shaKhS se yeh bh`ee sunaa ho gaa keh "bhaayee! ab Khudaa Khudaa karo!". dekh`iYe keh is Khayaal ko "Momin" ne kitnee KhoobSooratee se baaNdh`aa hai:

naam-e-i'shq-e-butaaN na lo "Momin"
keejiYe bas Khudaa-Khudaa SaaHeb!

(12) Mir kee shaa,i'raanah a'z^mat ke sabh`ee qaa,il haiN. Urdu adab meN is silsile meN kaafee likh`aa jaa chukaa hai. "Mir" kaa ek nihaayat dilkash she'r hai:

ab ke junooN meN faaSilah shaayad nah kuch` rahe
daaman ke chaak aur girebaaN ke chaak meN!

is par Molana Altaf Husain "Hali" (shaagird-e-"Ghalib") ne ek baRaa pur-lut^f lat^eefah likh`aa hai jis se nah Sirf is she'r kee Khoobee z^aahir hotee hai bal.k "Mir" ke us baland maqaam kaa bh`ee andaazah hotaa hai jo un ko doosroN kee nigaahoN meN HaaSil th`aa.

Molana "Hali" ke hee alfaaz^ meN yeh lat^eefa suniYe:

"Molana :Aazurdah: ke makaan par un ke chand eHbaab jin meN "Momin" aur "Shaiftah" bh`ee th`e, ek roz jama' th`e. "Mir" kaa yeh she`r paRh`aa gayaa. she`r kee be-intihaa ta'reef huyee aur yeh sab ko Khayaal huwaa keh is qaafiyeh ko har shaKhS apne apne saleeqeh aur fikr ke mu,waafiq baaNdh` kar dikh`aaYe. sab qalam-daawaat aur kaaGhaZ le kar alag alag baiTh` gaYe aur fikr karne lage. usee waqt ek aur dost waarid huwe. Molana se pooch`aa keh "HaZ^rat! kis fikr meN baiTh`e haiN?" Molana ne kahaa ":Qul-ho-wAllah: kaa jawaab likh` rahaa hooN!"

(:Qul-ho-wAlaah: Quran kee ek nihaayat faSeeH-o-baleeGh surah kaa naam hai.)

Molana "Hali" ne is sh'er ke muta,a'lliq yeh raaYe z^aahir kee hai:

"z^aahir hai keh josh-e-junooN meN girebaan yaa daaman yaa donoN kaa chaak karnaa nihaayat mubtaZil aur paamaal maZ^moon hai jis ko qadeem zamaaneh se log baandh`te chale aaYe haiN. aise cheeth`Re huwe maZ^moon ko "Mir" ne baa-wujood Ghaayat darjeh kee saadagee ke ek ach`ote, niraale aur dilkash usloob meN bayaan kiyaa hai keh is se behtar usloob samajh` meN naheeN aa saktaa. is usloob meN baRee Khoobee yeh hai keh seedh`aa-saadah hai aur baa-wujood is ke b.ilkul anokh`aa hai."

(13) ek Ghazal kaa mash,hoor mat^la' jo barr-e-SaGheer Hind-o-Pak kee jaNg-e-aazaadee ke dauraan akcar sunaa jaataa thaa neeche diyaa jaa rahaa hai. jalsoN aur juloosoN meN AngrezoN par t^anza" is she'r ko KhaaS t^aur se josh-o-Kharosh aur walwaleh ke saath` gaayaa jaataa th`aa:

sar-faroshee kee tamannaa ab hamaare dil meN hai
dekh`naa hai zor kitnaa baazoo-e-qaatil men hai!

a'am taur se is she'r ko Molana Zafar Ali Khan se mansoob kiyaa jaataa hai, lekin yeh baat saHeeH naheeN hai. dar-aSl yeh mat^la' ek josheelee naz^m kaa hai jo ek muHibb-e-wat^an, lekin taqreeba" gum-naam, shaa,i'r Ram Prashad "Bismil" Shahjahanpuri ne jang-e-aazaadee ke zamaaneh meN likh`ee th`ee.

"Bismil" SaaHeb 1893 meN Shahjahanpur ke ek maZhabee gh`araane meN paidaa huwe th`e. bachpan hee se unheN Hindustan par AngrezoN ke tasallut^ se nafrat th`ee aur hosh saNbh`alte hee woh wat^an kee aazaadee ke tah-e-dil se KhwaahaaN th`e. unhoN ne 19 saal kee u'mr se hee teHreek-e-aazaadee meN sargarmee se HiSSah lenaa shuroo' kar diyaa th`a aur 1922 meN Hindustan Socialist Republican Association ke rukn bh`ee ban gaYe th`e. yeh anjuman aazaadee kee jaNg meN har Harbeh ko ravaa samajh`tee th`ee. chunaan.ch 1925 meN Bismil SaaHeb ne apne chand saath`iyoN ke saath` mil kar Kaakoree (Lucknow ke qareeb ek qaSbah hai) ke paas ek railway train ko looTne ke liYe Daakah Daalaa taa.k siyaasee kaamoN ke liYe paise muha,iyyaa kar sakeN. is vaardaat ke nateehje meN woh giriftaar huwe aur muqadmeh ke ba'd 19 December 1927 ko "Bismil" SaaHeb ko ph`aaNsee de dee gayee. Haq maGfirat kare a'jab aazaad mard th`aa!

"Bismil" SaaHeb bohat achh`a she'ree Zauq rakh`te th`e. maZkoorah mat^le' waalee un kee pooree naz^m is t^araH hai:

sar-faroshee kee tamannaa ab hamaare dil meN hai
dekh`naa hai zor kitnaa baazoo-e-qaatil meN hai!

reh-rav-e-raah-e-tamannaa! reh na jaanaa raah meN
laZZat-e-SeHraa-navardee dooree-e-manzil meN hai

waqt aane de, bataa deN ge tujh`e ai aasmaaN!
ham abh`ee se kyaa bataaYeN kyaa hamaare dil meN hai?

ai shaheed-e-mulk-o-millat! tere jazboN ke nicaar
teree qurbaanee kaa charchaa Ghair kee meHfil meN hai

saaHil-e-maqSood par le chal Khudaa-raa naa-Khudaa!
aaj Hindustaan kee kashtee baRee mushkil meN hai

door ho ab Hind se taareekee-e-buGhZ^-o-Hasad
bas yehee Hasrat, yehee armaaN hamaare dil meN hai

voh nah agle walwale haiN ab nah armaanoN kee bh`eeR
ek miT jaane kee Hasrat ab dil-e-"Bismil" meN hai!

"Bismil" SaaHeb kee ek aur naz^m isee zameen aur beHr meN darj-e-zel hai. paRh`iYe aur lut^f-andoz ho,iYe!

charchaa apne qatl kaa ab yaar kee mehfil meN hai
dekh`naa hai yeh tamaashaa kaun see manzil meN hai

desh par qurbaan hote jaa,o tum ai Hind,iyo!
zindagii kaa raaz muZ^mir KhaNjar-e-qaatil meN hai

door ho ab Hind se taareekee-e-buGhZ^-o-Hasad
bas yehee Hasrat, yehee armaaN hamaare dil meN hai

baam-e-raf,a't par chaRh`aa do desh par ho kar fanaa
'Bismil' ab itnee hawas baaqee hamaare dil meN hai

(14) Meer "Anees" (1802-1874) apnee marciah-nigaaree ke liYe nihaayat mash,hoor haiN. is fan meN un kee Mirza Dabeer Beg se chashmakeN Urdu adab kee tareeKh kaa nihaayat dilchasp baab haiN. ek martabah Meer "Anees" ek marcieh kee fikr meN maHv th`e aur kuch` pareshaan se naz^ar aa rahe th`e keh un kee begam kaa udh`ar se guZar huwaa. unhoN ne apne shauhar ko pareshaan dekh` kar pooch`a keh: "kyaa baat hai? aap kis soch meN baiThe haiN?" Meer "Anees" ne jawaab diyaa: "kyaa bataa,ooN? ek bohat achh`aa miSra' ho gayaa hai aur us kee joR kaa doosraa soch rahaa hooN". begam ke pooch`ne par unhoN ne yeh miSra' paRh`aa:

yaa-Rab! Rasool-e-paak kee kh`etee haree rahe

begam ne be-saaKhtah kahaa keh: "doosraa miS`ra' yooN likh` deejiYe":

sandal se maaNg, bachchoN se godee bh`aree rahe!

Meer SaaHeb ph`aRak uTh`e. is t^araH yeh mat^la' mukammal ho kar muhaawirah-bandee kee KhoobSooratee ke baa,ic Z^arab-ul-macal ho gayaa:

yaa-Rab! Rasool-e-paak kee kh`etee haree rahe
sandal se maNg, bachchoN se godee bh`aree rahe!

(15) Molana Altaf Husain "Hali" ek qaadir-ul-kalaam shaa,i'r aur ek e'Hd-saaz nacr-nigaar th`e. woh apnee naz^moN (KhuSooSa" :Musaddas-e-Hali:) ke liYe bohat mash,hoor haiN. aap Sir Syed Ahmad Khan ke saath`iyoN meN se th`e aur Urdu she'r-o-adab ko us kee rawaayatee bandishoN se aazaad kar ke use zamaaneh aur waqt ke taqaaZ^oN se ham-aahaNg karane kee koshishoN meN pesh-pesh th`e. "Hali" kee taSaaneef meN "Yaadgaar-e-Ghalib" aur "Muqaddamah-e-She'r-o-Shaa,i'ree" bohat mash,hoor aur aham haiN. voh Ghazal ke bh`ee a'laa paaYe ke shaa,i'r th`e aur is meN Mirza "Ghalib' ke shaagird th`e. chunaan.ch apne ek she'r meN kehte haiN:

"Hali"! suKhan meN "Shaiftah" se mustafeed hooN
shaagird "Meerzaa" kaa, muqallid hooN "Mi"r kaa!

(Nawab Mustafa Khan "Shaiftah" Mirza "Ghalib" ke shaagird th'e. :Meerzaa: se Khud "Ghalib" kee jaanib ishaarah hai aur "Mir" se muraad Mir Taqi "Mir" haiN.)

zel meN "Hali" ke chand Ghazaliah ash,a'ar darj kiYe jaate haiN. dekh`iYe keh taGhazzul meN un kaa paayah kis qadar baland th`aa:

ik u'mr chaahiYe keh gawaaraa ho neesh-e-i'shq
rakkh`ee hai aaj laZZat-e-zaKhm-e-jigar kahaaN!

kis se paimaan-e-vafaa baandh` rahee hai bulbul?
kal nah pehchaan sake gee gul-e-tar kee Soorat

i'shq sunte th`e jise ham, voh yehee hai shaayad
Khud-ba-Khud dil meN hai ik shaKhS samaayaa jaataa!

kar diyaa chup waaq,ia'at-e-dehr ne
th`ee kabhee ham meN bh`ee goyaayee bohat

yaaraan-e-tezgaam ne manzil ko jaa liyaa
ham meHv-e-naalah-e-jaras-e-karvaan rahe!

daryaa ko apnee mauj kee tuGhyaaniyoN se kaam
kashtee kisee kee paar ho yaa darmiyaaN rahe!

(16) ek miSra' log Haalaat kee Ghair ma'moolee aur tez-raftaar tabdeelee par akcar paRh`te haiN:

nikle jo maikade se to dunyaa badal gayee!

pooraa she'r darj-e-zel hai. shaa,i'r "GustaKh" Rampuri haiN jo HaZ^rat "Amir" Minaai ke shaagird th`e aur muddatoN Aligarh meN jailor ke u'hde par faa,iz rahe th`e:

Sad-saalah daur-e-charKh th`aa saaGhar kaa ek daur
nikle jo maikade se to dunyaa badal gayee!

(17) ek aur miSra' zabaN-zad-e-KhaaS-o-a'am hai aur log shaa,i'r yaa poore she'r se u'mooma" naa-vaaqif haiN:

shaam kehte haiN jise hai saHar-e-parvaanah

pooraa she'r yooN hai:

hai zamaaneh se judaa roz-o-shab-e-soKhtagaaN
shaam kehte haiN jise hai saHar-e-parvaanah

isee t^araH ek aur miSra' mash,hoor hai jise intiz^aar aur be-chainee ke waqt paRh`aa jaataa hai:

shitaab aa! keh naheeN taab-e-intiz^ar mujh`e

yeh pooraa she'r is t^araH hai:

tiraa Khayaal sataataa hai baar baar mujh`e
shitaab aa! ke naheeN taab-e-intiz^aar mujh`e!

yeh donoN ash,a'ar Mir Muhammad Ali "Bedaar" ke haiN (1741-1821) jo Khwaaja Mir "Dard" ke shaagird th`e aur Mir Taqi "Mir" aur Mirza Rafi "Sauda" ke ham-a'Sr.

(18) kisee shaKhS ko apnaa guZraa huwaa achh`aa waqt yaad karte dekh` kar log ek she'r, kuch` ba-t^aur-e-t^anz aur kuch` iz^haar-e-Haqeeqat ke liYe, paRh`te haiN:

waqt-e-peeree shabaab kee baateN
aisee haiN jaise Khwaab kee baateN!

yeh ShaiKh Ibrahim "Zauq" kee ek Ghazal kaa mat^la` hai. isee Ghazal ke chand aur ash,a'ar darj-e-zel haiN:

ph`ir mujh`e le chalaa udh`ar, dekh`o!
dil-e-Khaanah-Kharaab kee baateN

meh-jabeeN! yaad haiN ke bh`ool gaYe?
voh shab-e-maahtaab kee baateN!

tujh` ko ruswaa kareN gee Khoob ai dil!
teree yeh iZ^t^iraab kee baateN

Zikr kyaa josh-e-i'shq meN ai "Zauq"!
ham se hoN Sabr-o-taab kee baateN

(19) do (2) mash,hoor mat^e' darj-e-zel haiN. pehlaa mat^la' ek film meN bh`ee gaayaa jaa chukaa hai. film aur guloo-kaara ke naam Zehn se utar gaYe haiN.

hameN to kaaTnee hai shaam-e-Gham meN zindagee apnee
jahaaN voh hoN vahaaN ai chaaNd! le jaa chaaNdnee apnee

tamannaa th`ee to bas yeh th`ee tamanna` aaKhiree apnee
ke voh saaHil pe hote aur kashtee Doobtee apnee

yeh mat^le' "She'ree" Bhopali marHoom (d: 1989) ke haiN. jahaaN tak raaqim-ul-Huroof kee yaad-daasht kaam kartee hai "She'ree" SaaHeb HaZ^rat "Seemab" Akbarabadi ke shaagird th`e. mere waalid marHoom (Hazrat "Raz" Chandpuri) bh`ee "Seemab" SaaHeb se sharaf-e-talammuZ rakh`te th`e aur un kee "She'ree" SaaHeb se Khat^-o-kitaabat th`ee. jis filmee gaane kaa ooper Zikr huwaa hai usee kaa ek aur she`r yooN hai:

taqaaZ^ah hai yehee dil kaa vaheeN chaliYe, vheeN chaliYe
voh meHfil, haaYe! jis meHfil meN dunyaa luT gayee apnee!

(20) jab kisee kaa koyee nuqSaan ho jaaYe aur kuch` mat^lab-parast log us se faa,idah uTh`aanaa chaaheN to yeh she`r paRh`aa jaataa hai:

deewaar kyaa giree mire kachche makaan kee
logoN ne gh`ar ke SeHn meN raste banaa liYe!

yeh she`r Sibt^-e-Ali "Saba" kaa hai jo Rawalpindi (Pakistan) ke qareeb ek factory meN ma'moolee mulaazim th`e aur vaheeN 41 saal kee umr meN 1979 meN unkee wafaat huyee.

(21) ba'Z^ auqaat koyee kaam hazaar koshish ke baa-vujood apnee marZ^ee ke mut^aabiq naheeN ho paataa hai, aur log aisee naa-kaamee par ek miSra' paRh`te haiN:

jo Khudaa ne likh` diyaa us ko miTaa sakte naheeN!

yeh miSra` Meer Izzat-ullah Khan "I'shq" Dehlawee kaa hai aur pooraa she`r yooN hai:

sabz Khat^ kee dil se ulfat ham uTh`aa sakte naheeN
jo Khudaa ne likh` diyaa us ko miTaa sakte haheeN!

Meer "I'shq" SaaHeb ko apne waalid Hakeem Qudrat-ullah Khan "Qasim" se shaa,i'ree meN talammuZ HaaSil th`aa. Urdu shaa,i'ree ke mash,hoor taZkareh "Gulshan-e-beKhaar" meN un kaa Zikr hai. aap ne Hakeem Sana-ullah "Firaq" se bh`ee mashvarah-e-suKhan kiyaa th`aa. taqreeba" 1854 meN aap kaa intiqaal huwaa. Meer "I'shq" kaa ek aur miSra` bh`ee mash,hoor hai jis ko log t^anziyah t^aur par apne kisee dost yaa meHboob kee be-niyaazee par paRh`te haiN:

ham kaun haiN SaaHeb, hameN kyoN yaad karo ge!

pooraa she'r is t^araH se hai:

tum Ghair ke gh`ar baiTh` ke dil shaad karo ge
ham kaun haiN SaaHeb, hameN kyoN yaad karo ge!

(22) ek she'r akcar log dostoN aur a'zeezoN kee be-muravvatee aur be-ruKhee par paRh`aa karte haiN:

naheeN ulfat to muravvat hee sahee
bh`ool jaanaa tiree a'adat hee sahee!

dar-aSl yeh she'r do (2) muKhtalif ash,a'ar ke muKhtalif miSro'N ko milaa kar banaayaa gayaa hai. yeh ash,a'ar darj-e-zel haiN aur Hazrat Ghulam Bheek "Nairang" ke haiN. mauSoof 1876 me mauZ^a' Doraana, Z^ila' Ambaala meN paidaa huwe th`e aur aap ne Lahore meN 76 saal kee u'mr meN 1952 meN wafaat paayee. aap ne Government College se B.A. kiyaa th`aa aur a'llamah "Iqbal" ke ham-jamaa,a't aur dost th`e. ab voh ash,a'ar suniYe jin ke miSro'N se maZkoorah she'r tashkeel diyaa gayaa hai:

hai musaafir ko nigah bh`ee kaafee
naheeN ulfat to muravvat hee sahee

ham bh`ee yaad aaYeN ge sar chaRh` ke kabh`ee
bh`ool jaanaa tiree aadat hee sahee

in ash,a'ar ko paRh` kar be-iKhtiyaar "Ghalib" kee yeh Ghazal yaad aa jaatee hai:

i'shq mujh` ko naheeN veHshat hee sahee
meree veHshat tiree shohrat hee sahee

qata' keejiYe nah ta,a'lluq ham se
kuch` naheeN hai to a'daavat hee sahee

apnee hastee hee se ho jo kuch` ho
aagahee gar naheeN, Ghaflat hee sahee

ham koyee tark-e-vafaa karte haiN?
nah sahee i'shq muSeebat hee sahee

ham bh`ee tasleem kee Khoo DaaleN ge
be-neyaazee tiree aadat hee sahee

yaar se ch`eR chalee jaaYe "Asad"
gar naheeN vasl to Hasrat hee sahee!

(23) ba'Z^ ash,a'ar Ghalat^ mash,hoor haiN aur apne maZ^moon ke e'tibaar se is qadar shuhrat paa chuke haiN keh log muKhtalif mauqo'N par unheN isee t^araH se paRh`te haiN! darj-e-zel she'r is t^araH mash,hoor hai:

yeh dunyaa yaa Ilaahee! jalwah-gaah-e-naaz hai kis kee?
hazaaroN uTh` gaYe, raunaq wohee baaqee hai meHfil kee

dar-aSl yeh ek mat^la' hai aur is kee SaHeeH shakl yooN hai:

yeh dunyaa yaa Ilaahee! jalwah-gaah-e-naaz hai kis kee?
hazaroN uTh` gaYe, raunaq vohee hai aaj tak is kee!

yeh mat^la' "Nadir" Kakorvi ke ek musaddas (=aisee naz^m jis kaa har band ch`e :6: ash,a'ar par mushtamil ho) kaa :Teep kaa she'r: hai. is musaddas kaa ek band darj-e-zel hai:

a'jab tarkeeb se Saane' ne rakkh`ee hai binaa is kee (Saane' = Creator)
keh SadyaaN ho gayeeN ik eeNT bh`ee is kee naheeN kh`iskee
lagee rahtee hai aamad-raft jis meN roz jis-tis kee
vohee raunaq hai jis kee aur vohee dilchaspiyaaN jis kee
yeh dunyaa yaa Ilaahee! jalva-gaah-e-naaz hai kis kee?
hazaaroN uTh` gaYe, raunaq vohee hai aaj tak is kee

"Nadir" Kakorvi qaSbah Kakori, Z^ila' Lucknow men 1867 meN paidaa huwe th`e aur vaheeN 1912 meN un kaa intiqaal huwaa. unhoN ne jadeed naz^m kee ibtidaayee tashkeel ke silsileh meN Molana Altaf Husain "Hali" (d:1914) aur Molana Muhammad Husain "Azad" (d:1910) ke saath` kaam kiyaa th`aa.

(24) ek she'r muddatoN se zabaaN-zad-e-KhaaS-o-a'am hai, lekin shaa,i'r kaa naam shaayad hee kisee ko ma'loom ho:

shehr meN apne yeh Lailaa ne manaadee kar dee
koyee patth`ar se nah maare mire deevaane ko

yeh she'r Shah Turab Ali "Qalandar" Kakorvi kaa hai. aap ek Soofee-manush buzurg th`e (1786-1858). isee Ghazal ke chand aur ash,a'ar neeche diYe jaate haiN:

uR ke aayaa hai lagan meN tiree jal jaane ko
shauq se ph`ooNk de ai shama'! too parvaane ko

maiN samajh`taa hooN ishaaraat-o-kinaayaat tire
raaz-e-ma'shooq se kyaa i'lm hai be-gaane ko

shehr meN apne yeh Lailaa ne manaadee kar dee
koyee patth`ar se nah maare mire deevaane ko

kyoN nah yaaree kare ab t^ifl-e-barahman se "Turab"
Khaanah-e-yaar samajh`taa hai voh but-Khaane ko

in kee ek doosree Ghazal kaa ek aur she'r bh`ee sun leejiYe:

idh`ar maiN Gham se rotaa hooN, udh`ar voh shoKh haNsataa hai
kaheeN bijlee chamaktee hai, kaheeN paanee barastaa hai!

(25) ek miSra' SadyoN se ba-taur-e-muHaavirah mash,hoor hai aur MughloN kee Hindustan meN aamad se qabl ke Khilji daur se ista'maal hotaa chalaa aa rahaa hai:

zabaan-e-yaar-e-man Turkee wa man Turkee nah mee daanam!

(mere meHboob kee zabaan Turkee ya'nee Turkish hai aur maiN Turkee se naa-vaaqif hooN)

yeh miSra' aise mauqe' par paRh`aa jaataa hai jab do (2) ashKhaaS guftgoo kar rahe hoN aur ek kee baat doosre kee samajh` meN naheeN aa rahee ho. yeh Amir Khusro ke she'r ka ek miSra' hai. pooraa she'r yooN hai:

cheh Khush boode, agar boode, zabaanash dar dahaan-e-man
zabaan-e-yaar-e-man Turkee va man Turkee na mee daanam!

[kyaa hee achh`aa hotaa keh us kee zabaan mere muNh meN hotee. magar (meraa to yeh Haal hai keh) mere meHboob kee zabaan Turkee hai aur maiN Turkee se naa-vaaqif hooN]

Amir Khusro kaa ek aur miSra' bohat mash,hoor hai:

narKh baalaa kun keh arzaanee hanooz!

(qeemat aur ziyaada kar keh abh`ee bohat kam hai)

pooraa she'r is t^araH hai:

har do a'alam qeemat-e-Khud guftah,ee
narKh baalaa kun ke arzaanee hanooz

[too ne apnee qeemat (Sirf) do a'alam hee bataayee hai. is qeemat ko aur ziyaada kar keh abh`ee bohat kam hai]
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