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GAJAL: Urdu shaai'ree meN ek nayee Sinf-e-suKhan
"GAJAL": Urdu Shaai'ree meN ek Nayee Sinf-e-suKhan!

is maZ^moon kaa mauZ^oo' voh nayee Sinf-e-suKhan hai jo pich`le kayee saaloN se Ghazal par "ch`aapah" maar rahee hai aur us ke hamah-geer saaYe tale apnee aSl shakl-o-Soorat ch`upaane kee koshish kartee rahee hai. is :Khufia: kar-ravaayee ke pas-e-pusht yeh jaZbah kaar-farmaa naz^ar aataa hai keh chooN.k yeh Sinf-e-suKhan apne pairoN par Khud kh`aRe hone ke qaabil naheeN hai, is liYe is ko Ghazal kee aaR meN Urdu dunyaa par musallat^ kiyaa jaa saktaa hai. is t^arz-e-a'mal se is Sinf ko faa,idah ho yaa nah ho, Ghazal ko saKht nuqSaan poNhachnaa yaqeenee hai. is liYe yeh Z^arooree hai keh is "but-e-t^annaz" kaa chehrah be-niqaab kiyaa jaaYe aur is kaa aSlee roop ahl-e-Urdu ko dikh`aayaa jaaYe.

yeh nayee Sinf-e-suKhan apnee z^aahiree Soorat meN riwaayatee Ghazal se kaafee mushaabihat rakh`tee hai. is meN bh`ee radeef-o-qavaafee aur beHr-o-wazn ke jumlah taqaaZ^oN kaa "Hasb-e-taufeeq" Khayaal rakh`aa jaataa hai. yeh bh`ee asha'ar par mushtamil hotee hai aur is ke har she'r ke donoN miSre' kam-o-besh ek hee lambaayee ke hote haiN. lekin yeh apne mizaaj, rang, maZ^aameen aur zabaan-o-bayaan meN Ghazal se itnee munfarid-o-muKhtalif hai keh is ko ek naYe naam se ta'beer karnaa munaasib ma'loom hotaa hai.

hamaaraa Khayaal hai keh is ko "gajal" ke naam se pukaaraa jaanaa chaahiYe taa.k is t^araH is kee infiraadiyat bh`ee qaa,im rahe aur Ghazal se is kaa jo dh`uNdh`laa aur paamaal saa rishtah hai us kaa e'tiraaf bh`ee ho sake. to ab:

"baare gajloN kaa kuch` bayaaN hojaaYe"?

rivaayatee Ghazal meN "sehl-e-mumtane" aise asha'ar ke baare meN kahaa jaataa hai jo apne seedh`e-saade maZ^moon ke baa-vujood dil-o-dimaaGh ko apne ta,accur aur Husn-e-zabaan-o-bayaan se munawwar kar dete haiN, macalan:

tum mire paas hote ho goyaa
jab koyee doosraa naheeN hotaa (Momin)

sirhaane "Mir" ke aahista bolo
abh`ee Tuk rote rote so gayaa hai (Mir)

naazukee us ke lab kee kyaa kehiYe
paNkh`aRee ik gulaab kee see hai (Mir)

zer-e-beHc Sinf "gajal" meN bh`ee aisee hee ek KhuSooSiyat hai jis ko saadagee aur salaasat jaise farsoodah alfaaz^ se bayaan naheeN kiyaa jaa saktaa hai. gajal meN saadagee to hai magar aisee keh she'r samajh`ne ke liYe kisee koshish yaa takalluf kee Z^aroorat meHsoos naheeN hotee hai. She'r paRh`iYe, faura" samajh` meN aa jaaYe gaa! aur kabh`ee naheeN bh`ee aaYe gaa! yeh dar-aSl ek t^araH ke nacree asha'ar hote haiN. ya'nee nacr ke kisee ek jumle ko do munaasib (yaa naa-munaasib!) tukRoN meN baaNT kar aapas meN TaaNk diyaa jaataa hai, aur maZ^moon ko rookh`aa, sapaaT, be-rang aur akcar Ghaa,ib rakh`ne kaa KhaaS ehtimaam kiyaa jaataa hai. kisee aur munaasib iSt^ilaaH kee a'dam-maujoodagee meN ham aise asha'ar ko "paidal" keh sakte haiN! chaNd micaaleN mulaaHiz^ah hoN:

(1) "paidal" asha'ar:

aag lagee hai jangal meN
kaaNp rahaa hooN sardee se (Ashuftah Changezi)

parinde jab na deede ph`oR paaYe
to gardan daab lee apne paroN meN (Ata-ur-Rehman Tariq)

saaHil, ret, samundar, shaam
saath` hai mere pal bh`ar shaam
door ubh`artee lehroN meiN
doob rahee hai haNs kar shaam (Shaida Roomani)

jab Ghaur se dekh`aa hai to andaazah huwaa hai
mehtaab kee kirneN haiN sitaaroN kee sahelee (Zamir Kazmi)

haNs rahaa hogaa kisee shaaKh ke peech`e sooraj
peR se ch`an rahaa hai koyee saayaah us kaa (Noman Shoq)

bh`eeR ik nazroN kee us ke baal-o-par ke aas paas
ik parindah neelgooN aakaash meN uRtaa huwaa (Rais Manzar)

in "tagajjul" se bh`arpoor javaahar-paaroN kee daad nah denaa apnee kam-i'lmee ke e'tiraaf ke baraabar hai! agar Mir aur Momin ke asha'ar kehnaa aasaan naheeN hai to yeh "paidal" sher bh`ee ek KhaaS Zehn chaahate haiN!

kabh`ee kabh`ee "paidal" asha'ar meiN a'waamee chaashnee bh`arne ke liye "desi alfaaz^ kee ph`iTkiree" se madad lee jaatee hai. yeh iZ^aafee alfaaz^ jitne kam-savaad aur a'am-pasand hoN utnaa hee gajal kaa lut^f baRh` jaataa hai aur b.ilkul "aam ke aam aur guTh`liyoN ke daam" vaalee kaifiyyat paidaa ho jaatee hai. aise "desee" asha'ar kee chand micaaleN dekh`iYe:

(2) "desee" asha'ar:

kahaaN aisaa takalluf hai gh`aroN meN
baRe aaraam se haiN daftaroN meN (Ata ur Rehman Tariq)

in kitaaboN meN zaKhaamat ke sivaa kuch` bh`ee naheeN
HaashiyoN per mile bekaar Havaale kyaa kyaa (Jalees Najibabadi)

Dekh` shahaadat kh`el naheeN
baaz aa naqsheh-baazee se (Ashufta Changezi)

aaTh` baras kaa bachchaa meraa dost qareebee lagtaa hai
kaam bohat hogaa papa ko pyaar se jab samjh`aataa hai (Asif Izhar)

ik kameene kee rotiyaaN kh`aa kar
saKht beemaar ho gayaa hooN maiN (Praveen Kumar Ashk)

rog mat paal Ghazal kaa ai "Ashk"
tujh` ko yeh laRkee nah paagal kar de (Praveen Kumar Ashk)

mire hee paas th`e taKhleeq ke mansab sabh`ee kal bh`ee
maiN maaN hooN kis taraH seh aaj dard-e-zeh naheeN saktee! (Musarrat Zeba)

gajal kee ek aur dil-aavez KhuSooSiyat us kee "pur-asraariyat" hai. Shaai'raanah Khallaqee kee yeh behtareen micaal hai. Alfaaz^ kee heraa-ph`eree, zabaan-o-bayaan kee "naqsheh-baazee", aur aise alfaaz^-o-taraakeeb kaa ista'maal jin se kaan to aashnaa hoN lekin jin kee ma'nee-aafreenee qaaree kee fikr-o-fehm kee chooleN Dh`eelee kar de, is KhuSooSiyat ke a'naasir-e-calaacah haiN. aise asha'ar ko paRh` kar qaaree sochtaa hai ke inko samajh`ne ke liYe yaa to i'lm-e-Ghaib kee Z^aroorat hai yaa ph`ir Kh`ud shaai'r se hee bilaa-vaastah istifaadah karnaa ho gaa. akcar voh yeh soch kar Sabr kar letaa hai keh chooN.k gajal shaa,e' ho gayee hai is liYe us kaa koyee nah koyee mat^lab bh`ee Z^aroor ho gaa! is KhuSooSiyat kaa ek faa,idah yeh bh`ee hai k agar asha'ar kaa mat^alb samajh` meN aa bh`ee jaaYe to yooN hotaa hai keh SubH ko ek aur shaam ko doosraa mat^lab haath` aataa hai! Urdu Ghazal ab tak koyee aisee micaal qaa,im naheeN kar sakee hai. gajal ke aise asha'ar ko ham "jaasoosee" keh sakte haiN:

(3) "jaasoosee" asha'ar:

mil gayaa jab voh nageeN ph`ir Khoobee-e-taqdeer se
dil ko kyaa kyaa veHshateN haiN saNg kee taaceer se (Shoib Nizam)

roshnee kaa badan huwaa reza
rooH per gard raat kaa reza
aaj yeh kis ne dil pe dastak dee
meHvar-e-zeest meN aTaa reza (Muhammad Vaseem)

TooTe agar havaa to aNdh`ere kaa gul jh`aRe
maktoob le gayee hai savere ke naam kaa (Javed Nasir)

in jaNgaloN meN dosto raste bh`ee kh`o gaYe
dasht-e-ta,a'lluqaat bh`ee aaYe saraab meN (MuKhtaar Shamim)

dekh` ai chashm-e-t^alab-deedah yahaaN mat kh`ulnaa
kaisee shaadaabee jahaaN Khoon kee baarish hee naheeN (Shaam Kaleem)

mire shareek musaafir haiN aur seHraa bh`ee
shajar nah de, mire saaYe kaa lambaa qad kar de ( Rashid Imkaan)

gajal Khud hee ek tajrubah hai, ph`ir bh`ee gajal-go is nayee Sinf meN bh`ee nit-naYe tajrube kee ph`iTkiree Daal kar us kaa raNg chokh`aa karne kee koshish karte rehte haiN. is tajrube kee ek Soorat yeh hai keh shaai'r gajal kee zabaan-o-bayaan ke intiKhaab meN is kaa KhaaS Khayaal rakh`taa hai keh saRak par chaltaa huwaa har shaKhS, bilaa taKhSeeS-e-Zauq-o-SalaaHiyat us kaa mat^lab samajh` jaaYe. is qism kee be-saaKhtagee ke DaaNDe baraah-e-raast baazaar aur chauraahe se milte haiN. dar-aSl Haqeeqee shaai'ree kee parakh` ke liye aise hee kam-qeemat baazaaree paimaane kee Z^aroorat muddat se meHsoos kee jaa rahee th`ee! aise asha'ar ko agar "swadeshee" ke naam se pukaaraa jaaYe to Ghair-munaasib naheeN hogaa. chand micaaleN HaaZ^ir-e-Khidmat haiN:

(4) "swadeshee" asha'ar:

uljh`e daaRh`ee choTee meN
kh`elo ph`aag laNgoTee meN
biktaa dekh`aa hai insaan
do boTee, ik roTee meN
aaj Muzaffar chaaNd huwe
kal tak th`e kajlauTee meN (Muzaffar Hanafee)

dekh`e jo maiN ne Khwaab voh chillee ke Khwaab th`e
aaNk`hoN meN ph`ir rahee haiN voh yaadoN kee kehkashaaN (Samar Takarvi)

yeh bh`ook beech meN aaKhir kahaaN se aayee hai
yeh roTiyaaN bh`ee tiree haiN, shikam bh`ee tere haiN (Aqeel Shadab)

tumhaare bin miraa pardes meN ab dil naheeN lagtaa
maiN din jaane ke gintee hooN calendar saamne rakh` kar (Musarrat Zeba)

gajal meN tajrube kee ek Soorat yeh bh`ee hai k gajal-go apnaa mat^lab adaa karne ke liye Faarsee-numaa alfaaz^ ista'maal kartaa hai. chooN.k aaj kal Faarsee kaa rivaaj kam ho gayaa hai is liYe a'vaam kee aasaanee ke liYe gajal-go Faarsee alfaaz^ meN desee raNg milaataa jaataa hai taa.k a'vaam kee ma'loomaat meN bh`ee iz^aafa ho aur voh us kee shaai'ree se lut^f-andoz bh`ee ho sakeN. Zel meN is "ma'loomaatee" gajal ke kuch` asha`ar diYe jaate haiN:

(5) "maloomaatee" ashaar:

baRee lat^eef th`ee voh baat jis ke sun,ne se
lahoo badan meN huwaa hai ubaal-aamaadah (Khalid Bashir)

kab tak maiN kivaaRoN ko lagaaYe huYe rakh`taa
din ugte hee aHvaal-bayaanee nikal aayee (Ahmad Kamal Parvazi)

maiN vaaqif hooN tiree chup-goiyoN se
samajh` letaa hooN teree an kahee bh`ee (Suleman Khumar)

Khalvat-kadah-e-dil pe zubooN-Haalee-e-bisyaar
hai Soorat-e-ganjeenah-e-alfaaz^-o-ma,a'anee (Ain Tabish)

Khushk-o-tar zard haree faSl ka,a'sfim-maakool
ab kisee Khwaab se chaspaaN naheeN taaveel koyee
Ghair-marboot^, gumaan-vasf, muHarraf, mubham
Ya'nee her shaKhS huwaa aayat-e-Injeel koyee (Salim Shehzad)

ek din ch`in jaaYe gaa aaNkh`oN se saaraa rang-o-noor
dekh` lo in ko keh yeh manzar hameshaayee naheeN (Mehtab Haidar)

rivaayatee Ghazal shaai'r par bohat see paabandiyaan lagaatee hai. avval to Ghazal-goye ke liYe fit^ree SalaaHiyat kee Z^aroorat hai. ph`ir zabaan-o-bayaan kaa i'lm, ahl-e-Zauq kee SuHbat, asaatiZah ke kalaam kaa shaagirdaanah mut^aalia'h (taa.k sar jh`ukaa rahe aur Thokar nah lage), aur Khudaa agar taufeeq de to, kisee SaaHeb-e-fan ke saamne zaanoo-e-talammuz teh karna bh`ee Z^arooree haiN. in sab baatoN kaa nateejah yeh hotaa hai keh ek Ghazal-go ke yahaaN radeef-o-qavaafee aur vazn-o-beHr kaa iltizaam hotaa hai, aur zabaan-o-bayaan shustah aur qaabil-e-fehm hote haiN. gajal in paabandiyoN ko yaksar naz^ar-andaaz to naheeN kar saktee hai albattah jaa-bajaa in farsoodah bandishoN ko utaar ph`eNkne meN buraayee bh`ee naheeN samajh`tee hai. kis ko furSat hai keh aaj ke maSroof daur meN miSro'N ko vazn kee taraazoo meN tole aur beHr-o-zameen kee pecheedagee meN vaqt Kharaab kare? aaKhir gajal ek Sinf-e-suKhan hai, madriseh kaa sabaq to naheeN hai! chunaan.ch gajal-go jahaaN-tahaaN in paabandiyoN se parhez barat letaa hai aur ek faqeeraana be-niyaazee se gajal pooree kar detaa hai. is qism ke asha'ar ko ham "parhezee" kaheN to bejaa naheeN ho gaa. kuch` javaahar-paare mulaaHiz^ah keejiYe:

(6) "parhezee" asha'ar:

har Gham ko sehne kee t^aaqat denaa mujh`e
koyee bh`ee Gham is se pehle mat denaa mujh`e
aisaa mat karnaa jeete jee mar jaaooN
marne se pehle shuhrat denaa mujh`e (Muhammad Alvi)

ab apnee cheeKh hee kyaa apnee be-zabaanee kyaa
meHZ^ ameeroN kee zindigaanee kyaa! (Azra Parveen)

voh darmiyaan-e-roz-o-shab vaqfah hai kyaa
zer-e-ufuq meree taraH jaltaa hai kyaa (Shafaq Sopuri)

shaayad th`aa ik bagoole meN tanhaa,iyoN kaa Gham
Zeba jo dil ke gamle meN cactus lagaa mujh`e (Musarrat Zeba)

Har-chaNd keh ab tak kee teHreer gajal ke ta,a'aruf ke liYe kaafee hai, ph`ir bh`ee us kee ek Khoobee aur hai jo Harf-e-aaKhir kaa Hukm rakh`tee hai. jahaaN Ghazal har she'r ke donoN misro'N meN rabt^-e-baahimee ko laazimee samajh`tee hai, vahaaN gajal aise fuZ^ool taqaaZ^oN ko qaabil-e-ae'tinaa naheeN gardaantee hai. gajal ke misro'N meN rabt^ ke fuqdaan ke bohat se faa,ide haiN. ek to shaai'r ko apne Zehn par bejaa bojh` naheeN Daalnaa paRtaa hai, doosre misro'N kaa iKhtilaaf-e-Khayaal ek hee she'r ko do yaa do se ziyaadah ma,a'anee adaa karne kee qudrat bh`ee baKhsh detaa hai! is taraH das (10) asha'ar kee gajal meN bees (20) kaa mazaa mil saktaa hai aur ijmaal meN tafSeel kaa Husn paidaa ho jaataa hai. chooN.k is t^araH kee gajal kaa har she'r pehloo-daar hotaa hai, ham ise "do-ruKhee" kaheN to bajaa hogaa. darj-e-Zel asha'ar is KhuSooSiyat kee achh`ee numaaindagee karte haiN:

(7) "do-ruKhee" asha'ar:

nayee parvaaz veeraanee
har ik aaGhaaz veeraanee
Khush-aahaNg inkishaafoN meN
Khalaa kaa raaz veeraanee (Riyaz Latif)

yeh kis ke haath` ne mismaar kar diyaa hai hameN
savaal gooNj rahe haiN shajar shajar kaise (Parveen Raja)

bachche sunaa kareN ge maze kee kahaaniyaaN
ZehnoN meN baat aaj kee Daalee nah jaaYe gee (Ata ur Rehman Tariq)

bo dee th`eeN maiN ne apnee dasoN uNgliyaaN jahaaN
pairoN meN aa rahaa hai vohee raastaa saa ph`ir (Rashid Imkan)

maiN maantaa hooN keh an-dekh`e saa,ibaan kee shaam
yateem hogee magar Khud-kafeel to hogee (Ahmad Kamal Parvazi)

jism Ghaa,ib hai aur sar maujood
zindagee teGh-e-be-sipar maujood (Wajid Qureshi)

gajal kee yeh sad-raNgee rivaayatee Ghazal ke nazdeek be-maayah aur be-HuZ^oor sahee, lekin gajal ko is se dil-bardaashtah hone kee chandaaN Z^aroorat naheeN hai. voh apnee Zaat meN nudrat aur tanavvo' ke itne imkaanaat rakh`tee hai jo Ghazal ko apnee taveel u'mr meN kabh`ee mayassar naheeN huYe. Gajal-go shoa'raa ko Ghazal-dost t^abqe kee tanqeed kaa Khayaal naheeN karnaa chaahiye aur Sirf is vajh se apnee taKhleeqee kaavishoN meN kamee naheeN karnee chaahiye keh aSHaab-e-fikr-o-naz^ar gajal kee paZeeraayee meN ba-sad afsos haath` mal-mal kar yeh paRh`aa karte haiN keh:

har bul-havas ne Husn-parastee shia'ar kee
ab aabroo-e-sheva-e-ahl-e-naz^ar gayee!