Qaafiyah-paimaa huwaa hai Kaarwaan-e-Shaa,i'ree

Qaafiyah-paimaa Huwaa hai Karwaan-e-Shaa,i'ree

kuch` a'rSeh qabl internet kee ek Urdu meHfil meN qaafiyoN kee aisee Soorat-e-ista'maal kee nishaan-dehee kee gayee th`ee jo ba-z^aahir SaHeeH naheeN ma'loom hotee hai. i'lm-e-qaafiyah kee kitaaboN tak ek a'am qaaree kee rasaayee naheeN hai aur yooN bh`ee fee-zamaanah "a'rooZ^" aur "i'lm-e-qaafiyah" kee jaanib shaaZ-o-naadir hee un ko seekh`ne kee GharaZ^ se koyee tawajjhuh detaa hai. maGhribee mumaalik meN Urdu ke shaa,iqeen kee yeh mushkil kuch` ziyaadah hee numaayaaN hai. Hindustaan/Pakistan meN agar koyee shaKhS chaahe to adabee sawaalaat kee teHqeeq kar saktaa hai. wahaaN kitaabeN bh`ee muhai,yyaa haiN, kutub-Khaane bh`ee maujood haiN aur talaash karne par aise aSHaab-e-i'lm bh`ee mil jaate haiN jo aise adabee masaa,il meN reh-numaayee kar sakeN. maGhribee mumaalik meN in meN se koyee sahoolat bh`ee mayassar naheeN hai. nateejata" Urdu ke shaa,iqeen u' mooma" apnee tishna-labee kaa shikaar haar kar baiTh` jaate haiN. zer-e-naz^ar mauZ^oo' bh`ee isee qabeel kaa hai. is ijmaal kee tafSeel ke liYe neeche diYe huwq ash,a'ar dekh`iYe.

(a) Mirza "Ghalib" kee ek Ghazal ke chand ash,a'ar yooN haiN:

dehr meN naqsh-e-wafaa, wajh-e-tasallee nah huwaa
hai yeh voh lafz^ keh sharmindah-e-ma'naa nah huwaa

dil guZargaah-e-Khayaal-e-mai-o-saaGhar hee sahee
gar nafas jaadah sar-e-manzil-e-taqwaa nah huwaa

maiN ne chaahaa th`aa keh andoh-e-wafaa se ch`ooTooN
woh sitamgar mire marne peh bh`ee raaZ^ee nah huwaa

mar gayaa Sadmah-e-yak-juNbish-e-lab se "Ghalib"
naa-tawaanee se Hareef-e-dam-e-Eesaa nah huwaa

in ash,a'ar meN :tasallee, ma'naa, raaZ^ee, taqwaa, Eesaa: vaGhaira ko ham-qaafiyah baaNdh`aa gayaa hai jab.k ba-z^aahir in alfaaz^ ke a'am aur mustanad talaffuz^ ke liHaaz^ se yeh Ghalat^ ma'loom hotaa hai.

(b) isee t^araH "Ghalib" hee ke darj-e-zel ash,a'ar bh`ee paRh`iye:

nah huwee gar mire marne se tasallee nah sahee
imtiHaaN aur bh`ee baaqee ho to yeh bh`ee nah sahee

nafas-e-Qais keh hai chashm-o-chiraaGh-e-SeHraa
gar naheeN shama'-e-siyah-Khaanah-e-Lailaa nah sahee

i'shrat-e-SuHbat-e-KhoobaaN hee Ghaneemat samjh`o
nah huyee "Ghalib" agar u'mr-e-t^abee,e'e nah sahee

yahaaN bh`ee vohee mas,alah naz^ar aataa hai keh :tasallee, bh`ee, Lailaa, t^abee,e'e: ko ham-qaafiyah baaNdh`aa gayaa hai jab keh Lailaa kaa talaffuz^ "Lailaa" hee hai "Lailee" naheeN hai! aaKhir aisaa kis u'Sool kee binaa par kiyaa gayaa hai?

(c) Zaraa aur aage baRh`iYe to Mirza "Ghalib" yooN bh`ee kehte dikh`aayee deta haiN:

i'shq taaceer se naumeed naheeN
jaaN-supaaree shajar-e-bed naheeN

raaz-e-ma'shooq nah rusvaa ho jaaYe
warnah mar jaane meN kuch` bh`ed naheeN

kehte haiN, jeete haiN ummeed peh log
ham ko jeene kee bh`ee ummeed naheeN

mulaaHiz^ah farmaa,iYe keh in ash,a'ar meN :naumeed, ummeed, bed, bh`ed: ke darmiyaan talaffuz^ meN Saaf-o-SareeH Khat^t^-e-faaSil hai. lekin is ke baa-wujood in muKhtalif talaffuz^ waale alfaaz^ ko ham-qaafiyah qaraar diyaa gayaa hai! eeN cheh bool-a'jabee ast?

(d) chalte chalte yeh bh`ee sun leejiYe:

kehte to ho tum sab keh but-e-Ghaaliyah-moo aaYe
yak martabah gh`abraa ke kaho koyee keh "doo aaYe"

hooN kashmakash-e-naza' meN, haaN, jazb-e-muHabbat!
kuch` keh nah sakoon par voh mire pooch`ne ko aaYe

us anjuman-e-naaz kee kyaa baat hai "Ghalib"
ham bh`ee gaYe waaN or tiree taqdeer ko ro aaYe

yeh kyaa baat hai keh in ash,a'ar meN bh`ee :moo: aur :ro: vaGhaira ko ham-qaafiyah baaNdh`aa gayaa hai HaalaaN.k un kaa talaffuz^ bilkul muKhtalif hai. ya'nee :moo: kaa talaffuz^ :waw-e-ma'roof: ke saath` hai aur :ro: ko :waw-e-majhool: se adaa kiyaa jaataa hai. aaKhir is Soorat-e-Haal kee kin uSooloN par bunyaad hai?

yeh mas,alah nihaayat dilchasp hai. bunyaadee sawaal yeh hai keh qawaafee kee bandish aur unheN qaa,im karne meN un kee hijje kee ziyaadah ahmiyyat hai yaa talaffuz^ kee? is maZ^moon meN isee sawaal kaa jawaab dene kee koshish kee gayee hai.

(A) "yaa-e-majhool" (baRee :ye:) aur "yaa-e-ma'roof" (ch`oTee :ye:)

hamaare yahaaN do t^araH kee :ye: musta'mil haiN:

(1) "yaa-e-majhool" (baRee :ye:)

(2) "yaa-e-m'a.roof" (ch`oTee :ye:)

un ke farq se sabh`ee waaqif haiN. qadeem Farsi meN bh`ee donoN :ye: ista'maal hotee th`eeN. albatta :jadeed: Farsi meN "yaa-e-majhool" ko saaqit^ kar diyaa gayaa hai (ya'nee us kaa ista'maal naheeN kiyaa jaataa hai) hai aur Sirf "yaa-e-m'a.roof" hee ista'maal hotee hai. "Ghalib" ke ooper ke ash,a'ar meN "Momin" ke yeh do ash,a'ar milaa leejiYe aur ph`ir Ghaur keejiYe:

woh gardooN dekh` yeh Haalat huyee taGh,yeer sheeshe kee
keh th`amtee hee naheeN hichkee, huyee hai der, sheeshe kee

muHabbat fiZ^aaYe-dil-e-reesh-reesh
karam-gustar-e-"Momin"-e-mehr-kaish

talaash karne se doosre asaatiZ^ah ke yahaaN bh`ee aisee micaaleN mil jaaYeN gee jahaaN ek hee Ghazal meN qavaafee "yaa-e-majhool" aur "yaa-e-ma'roof" donoN se mushakkal hoN, jaise yahaaN :taGh,yeer, ummeed, reesh: "yaa-e-ma'roof" se aur :der, bhed, kaish: "yaa-e-majhool" se mushakkal haiN.

asaatiZ^ah :ye: kee z^aahir tafreeq malHooz^ naheeN rakh`te haiN aur in se tashkeel-paZeer alfaaz^ ko ba-t^aur-e-qawaafee baaNdh`te haiN. yeh uSool kaheeN likh`aa huwaa naheeN miltaa hai, bal.k Sirf asaatiZ^ah ke ista'maal se hee caabit aur qaa,im ma'loom hotaa hai.

is baat se mas,aleh kaa ek pehloo to samajh` meN aa jaataa hai lekin yeh sawaal ab bh`ee jawaab-t^alab reh jaataa hai keh: "Lailaa, taqvaa, Eesaa" ko "tasallee, tabee,e'e" kaa ham-qaafiyah kyoN kar tasawwur kiyaa jaa rahaa hai?

yahaaN par ek doosraa uSool kaar-farmaa naz^ar aataa hai aur yeh bh`ee Sirf asaatizah ke ista'maal se caabit-o-qaa,im hai! ya'nee yeh keh woh Arabee alfaaz^ jin kee :ye: par "kh`aRaa alif" lagaa hotaa hai (Lailaa, aqSaa, Eesaa) aur jo Urdu meN isee shakl meN likh`e jaate haiN "yaa-e-ma'roof" waale qaafiyoN ke saath` baaNdh`e jaa sakte haiN. yahaaN yeh waZ^aaHat Z^arooroo ma'loom hotee hai keh lafz^ :ma'nee: dar-aSl :ma'naa: hai ya'nee :ye: per is meN :kh`aRaa alif: lagaa huwaa hai. chunaan.ch yeh "ma'naa" aur "ma'nee" donoN t^araH se paRh`aa jaa saktaa hai, agar.ch Urdu meN is ko "ma'nee" hee ziyaada likh`te aur bolte haiN.

(B) "waw-e-majhool" (macala" :zor:) aur "waw-e-ma'roof" (macala" : manz^oor)

ooper (d) ke teHt diYe gaYe "Ghalib" ke ash,a'ar ke saath` yeh aur milaa leejiYe:

galyoN meN ab talak bh`ee maZkoor hai hamaaraa
afsaanah-e-muHabbat mash,hoor hai hamaaraa

maqSood ko to dekh`eN kab tak pohaNchte haiN ham
bil-fe'l ab iraada taa gor hai hamaaraa (Mir)

naz^ar aate naheeN be-pardah Haqaa,eq un ko
aaNkh` jin kee huyee meHkoomee-o-taqleed se kor

zindah kar saktee hai Iran-o-Arab ko kyoNkar
yeh faraNgee madaniyyat keh jo hai Khud lab-e-gor (Iqbal)

teree paa-bosee se apnee Khaak bh`ee maayoos hai
naqsh-e-paa par naqsh-e-paa zaalim! kaf-e-afsos hai! (Momin)

dekh`iYe keh "Mir" ne :maZkoor: aur :gor: ko aur Iqbal ne :kor: aur :gor: ko ham.qaafiya baaNdh`aa hai aur :gor: kaa talaffuz^ donoN ke yahaaN muKhtalif ma'loom hotaa hai ("Mir" ke she'r me "waw-e-ma'roof" se aur Iqbal ke she'r meN "waw-e-majhool" se), jab.k "Momin" :maayoos: (waw-e-ma'roof) aur :afsos: (waw-e-majhool) ko ham-qaafiya baaNdh`te haiN. yehee Soorat "Ghalib" ke ash,a'ar meN bh`ee waaZ^eH hai. yahaaN bh`ee yeh uSool kaar-farmaa naz^ar aataa hai keh asaatiZ^ah "waw-e-majhool-o-ma'roof" meN imtiaaz naheeN karte haiN. yeh uSool Sirf :ye: aur :waw: ke saath` hee maKhSooS hai kyoN.k kisee aur Harf kee majhool aur ma'roof SoorateN naheeN hotee haiN.

(C) Khaamah aNgusht ba-daNdaaN hai ise kyaa likhYe?

agar mua',amilah yaheeN par Khatm ho jaataa to Ghaneemat hotaa, lekin is ko kyaa keejiYe keh asaatiZ^ah kaa mut^aali,a' doosree dilchasp SooratoN se bh`ee parde uTh`aataa hai! ek a'am qaaree ko to yeh shaayad naz^ar bh`ee naheeN aatee haiN aur voh Ghair-iraadee t^aur par un ko tasleem kar ke aage baRh` jaataa hai. lekin yeh SoorateN ek sanjeedah qaaree ke liYe apne daaman meN bohat saamaan-e-fikr rakh`tee haiN. maiN is pahelee kee waZ^aaHat meN chand micaaleN pesh kartaa hooN:

(1) jo mere buKhaar kaa sabab hai, nah kaho
yeh baat jigar-soz-e-GhaZ^ab hai, nah kaho
ma'loom naheeN tum ko t^abeebo! aHwaal
jaltaa hooN yeh kehne se keh tap hai, nah kaho (Momin)

is rubaa,e'e meN "Momin" jaise ustaad-e-fan ne :tap: ko :sabab: aur :GhaZ^ab: kaa ham-qaafiyah baaNdh`aa hai jab.k :be: aur :pe: kee aavaaz ke farq se sab log hee waaqif haiN. z^aahir hai ke "Momin" se yeh baat maKhfee naheeN th`ee. ph`ir is Soorat-e-Haal kee tashreeH kyoN kar mumkin hai?

(2) janaazah uTh`aayaa farishtoN ne aah
to "qad faazaa fauza" a'z^eema" kahaa (Momin)

("qad faazaa fauza" a'z^eema" = Quran kee ek aayat hai)

is she'r meN :aah: aur :kahaa: ko qaafiye kee Haiciyyat se baaNdh`aa gayaa hai jo kisee Soorat se qaabil-e-qubool ma'loom naheeN hotaa hai!

(3) miTTee le le gaYe voh haath`oN meN
kaam ne shakl pakRee baatoN meN (Mir)

yahaaN :haath`oN: aur :baatoN: ko ham-qaafiyah likh`aa gayaa hai, jab.k donoN kaa talaffuz^ muKhtalif hai.

(4) laa-deeN ho to hai zehr-e-halaahal se bh`ee baRh` kar
ho deeN kee Hifaaz^at meN to har zehr hai tiryaak (Iqbal)

kal saaHil-e-daryaa peh kahaa mujh` se Khizar ne
too Dh`oonD rahaa hai sam-e-afraNg kaa tiryaaq

sawaal yeh hai keh lafz^ :tiryaak: hai yaa :tiryaaq:? Aur agar in meN se ek SaHeeH hai to Iqbal ne doosraa kyoN ista'maal kiyaa hai?

(yeh ek Z^imnee sawaal hai. is ke jawaab ke liYe meraa maZ^moon ":tiryaaq: yaa :tiryaak: ek adabee beHc!" isee maZ^moon ke neeche dekh`iYe)

(5) Hareef-e-nuktah-e-tauHeed ho sakaa nah Hakeem
nigaah chaahiYe asraar-e-laa-ilah ke liYe
KhadaNg-e-seenah-e-gardooN hai us kaa fikr-e-balaNd
kamand us kaa takhai,yyul hai mehr-o-meh ke liYe
agar.ch paak hai t^eenat meN raahebee us kee
taras rahee hai magar laZZat-e-gunah ke liYe (Iqbal)

dekh`iYe keh :laa-ilaah: meN taKhfeef kar ke us ko :laa-.ilah: banaa diyaa gayaa hai taa.k woh :meh: aur :gunah: kaa ham-qaafiyah ho sake. Aisaa kis uSool ke teHt kiyaa gayaa hai?

(6) waaN peh Tapkaa to yaaN sarak baiTh`aa
yaaN jo bh`eegaa to waan tanak baiTh`aa (Mir)

a'waamee bol-chaal meN :tanik: ke ma'ee :Zaraa: yaa :th`oRaa: ke haiN. "Mir" ek aur she'r meN kehte haiN:

jee to aise kayee Sadqe kiYe tujh` par lekin
Haif yeh hai keh tanik bh`ee too pasehmaaN nah huwaa!

"Mir" ne yahaaN apne she'r meN :tanik: ista'maal kiyaa hai. aisaa aaKhir kyoN hai?

(D) TashreeH-e-Imcaal

ooper (C) ke teHt jo micaaleN dee gayee haiN un kee mumkinah tashreeH darj-e-zel hai. ummeed hai keh in se maZkoorah Soorat-e-Haal kaa jawaaz nikal aaYeg aa. kam az kam is mas,aleh par th`oRee see raushanee to paR hee jaaYe gee!

(i) bohat se alfaaz^ aise hote haiN jin kee teHreeree shakl ek hotee hai lekin un kee aawaaz se un ke hijje ke muta,a'lliq koyee ishaarah naheeN miltaa hai. macala" :Zaat: aur :inHit^aat^: yaa :raaz, shaaZ, nabbaaZ^: waGhairah. chooN.k zabaan se adaa karne meN :raat: aur :saath`: kaa iKhtilaaf-e-talaffuz^ mushkil se hee z^aahir hotaa hai is liYe un ko bh`ee ooper likh`e alfaaz^ kee fehrist meN shaamil kiyaa jaa saktaa hai. taqreeba" yehee Haal :tap: aur :GhaZ^ab: kaa hai kyoN.k :be: aur :pe: kee aawaazeN qareeb-qareeb ek see hee haiN. waise is Soorat meN kuch` :kh`eeNch-taan: kee Z^aroorat meHsoos hotee hai! is qism ke alfaaz^ jab qawaafee ke t^aur par ista'maal hote haiN to :Sautee qawaafee: (ya'nee ek see aawaaz waale qaafiye) kehlaate haiN. is taraH (1) aur (3) ke teHt diYe huwe ash,a'ar meN qawaafee ke ista'maal kaa javaaz nikal aataa hai.

(ii) Momin ke she'r (2) ke pehle miSre' meN :aah: kee :hey: saakin hai aur is liYe taqtee' meN naheeN lee jaaYe gee. goyaa :aah: kaa wazn :aa: ke musaavee mutasawwur ho gaa. chunaan.ch is ko ba-z^aahir :kahaa: kaa ham-qaafiya baaNdh`aa jaa saktaa hai. shaayad yehee is ista'maal kaa jawaaz hai.

(iii) Iqbal kee (4) aur (5) kee donoN micaaleN :Z^aroorat-e-she'ree: ke teHt aatee haiN. choon.k doosre qawaafee kaa taqaaZ^ah yehee hai is liYe ek jagah :tiryaak: aur doosree jagah :tiryaaq: likh`aa gayaa hai. yahaaN yeh kehnaa munaasib ho gaa keh :tiryaaq: aur :tiryaak: donoN hee talaffuz^ SaHeeH haiN.

isee t^araH kuch` alfaaz^ jo u'mooma" lambe :alif: ke saath` likh`e jaate haiN, ba-waqt-e-Z^aroorat :alif: kee taKhfeef kar ke likh`e jaa sakte haiN. macala" :gunaah: se :gunah: yaa :raah: se :reh: yaa :gaah: se :geh: "Mir" ne isee qaa,i'deh ke mut^aabiq :ilaah: ko :ilah: likh`aa hai jo b.ilkul qaabil-e-qubool aur faSeeH hai. "Mir" kaa :tanik: kee bajaaYe :tanak: kaa ista'maal bh`ee :Z^aroorat-e-she'ree: kee ta'reef meN aataa hai.

(E) ab jigar th`aam ke baiTh`o miree baaree aayee!

Kulliaat-e-"Jigar" kaa mut^aali,a'h is manz^ar-naamah meN kuch` aur dilchasp iZ^aafe kartaa hai. pich`lee nasl ke Ghazal-go sho,a'raa meN se ahl-e-Urdu ne "Jigar" Muradabadi, "Asghar" Gondavi, "Hasrat" Mohani aur "Fani" Badayuni ke saroN par a'z^mat kaa taaj rakh`aa hai. "Jigar" ne apnee GhazaloN meN jaa-bajaa jiddat aur upaj dikh`aayee hai. baRee achh`ee baat yeh hai keh aise maqaamaat par jahaaN unhoN ne raah-e-'aam se haT kar apnee raah nikaalee hai "Jigar" ne tashreeHee Havaashee likh` diYe haiN yaa kam-az-kam apnaa mauqif z^aahir kar diyaa hai. zel meN aisee chand micaaleN likh`ee jaa rahee haiN. chand maqaamaat to aise haiN keh doosre sho,a'raa shaayad naheeN bal.k yaqeena" un kee :jiddat: par Hairat kareN ge. maZkoorah ash,a'ar par "Jigar" ke Hawaashee in ash,a'ar ke ba'd (--) se muqai,yyad kar diYe gaYe haiN.

(1) haaYe GhammaaziyaaN nigaahoN kee
apnee be-dast-o-paa,iyaaN taubah!

(:be-dast-o-paa: jis mafhoom meN musta'mil hai us e'tibaar par maiN ne use ek lafz^ se ta'beer kiyaa hai aur is binaa par jama' banaa lenaa Ghalat^ naheeN samajh`taa hooN.)

(2) naveed-e-baKhshish-e-i'syaaN se sharmsaar nah kar
gunaah-gaar ko yaa Rab! gunaah-gaar nah kar

bahaar apnee jagah par sadaa bahaar rahe
yeh chaahataa hai to :tajribbah-e-bahaar: nah kar

(is lafz^ y'anee :tajribah: ko yaqeena" mushaddad t^areeqeh par kehnaa durust naeeN hai. lekin meHZ^ is tekneekee Ghalat^ee kee Khaat^ir apne lat^eef she'r ko Z^aa,e' naheeN kar saktaa.)

(3) aap dekh`eN to sahee rabt-e-muHabbat kyaa hai
apnaa afsaana milaa kar mire afsaane meiN

(sat^aHee naz^ar se agar dekh`aa jaaYe to radeef :meN: SaHeeH nah ho gee bal.k us kee jagah :se: durust hai. lekin maiN is meHall-e-KhaaS par radeef :meN: hee munaasib samajh`taa hooN.)

(4) teraa deevaana-e-Ghareeb "Jigar"
faKhr-e-Hindostaan hai pyaare!

(maiN e'laan-e-noon ko jaa,iz samajh`taa hooN.)

(5) rag-rag meN aaj dauR gayee mauj-e-sarKhushee
qurbaan teree laGhzish-e-mastaanah-waar ke

(mere nazdeek SaHeeH hai)

"Jigar" :laGhzish-e-mastaanah-waar: kee jaanib ishaarah kar rahe haiN keh woh is ko SaHeeH jaante haiN, jab.k dar-aSl :laGhzish-e-mastaanah: SaHeeH hai.

(F) Harf-e-aaKhir

ooper kee mufaSSil beHc se chand nataa,ij nikaale jaa sakte haiN:

(1) saaree micaaleN asaatiZah ke kalaam se lee gayee haiN. Kisee aur ustaad-e-fun ne in ko tanqeed-o-tanqeeH kaa nishaanah naheeN banaayaa hai, jis se caabit hotaa hai keh maZkoorah t^arz-e-kalaam faSeeH aur qaabil-e-qubool hai.

(2) dar-aSl maZkoorah t^arz-e-fikr ko :shaa,i'raanah ijtihaad: kahaa jaa saktaa hai. Har maidaan meN chand log aise hote haiN jo apne fan meN is darjah kamaal HaaSill kar lete haiN keh un ko is fan meN ijtihaadaat karne kaa iKhtiyaar aur Haq HaaSil ho jaataa hai. yeh ijtihaad-e-fikr-o-a'mal us fan meN nayee raaheN nikaalne kaa Zari,a'h ban saktaa hai.

(3) adab meN koyee aisa paimaanah maujood naheeN hai jis kee binaa par kisee shaKhS ke baare meN yeh faiSlah kiyaa jaa sake ke voh ijtihaad karne kaa mustaHiq ho chukaa hai. Goyaa ek adeeb yaa shaa,i'r kee zindagee meN ek aisaa lamHah aataa hai jab doosre asaatiZah us kee ustaadee ke qaa,il ho jaate haiN aur use ijtihaad kaa Haq taqreeba" Ghair-meHsoos t^areeqeh se mil jaataa hai.

(4) kyaa ham aise ijtihaadaat kee fikree aur a'malee taqleed kar sakte haiN? Yaqeena"! sanad ke saath` hamaaraa aisaa karnaa qaabil-e-qubool ho saktaa hai. haaN agar aise maqaamaat par :Ayaz! qadr-e-Khud be-shinaas: par bh`ee naz^ar rakh`ee jaaYe to harj naheeN hai!

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:tiryaaq: yaa :tiryaak:? ek adabee beHc!

(1) tamheed

oopar ke maZ^moon meN a'llaamah "Iqbal" ke ash,a'ar meN :tiryaak: aur :tiryaaq: donoN hee baaNdh`e gaYe haiN aur is Hawaaleh se yeh sawaal uTh`aayaa gayaa th`aa keh in donoN meN SaHeeH kaun saa lafz^ hai? zer-e-naz^r muKhtaSar maZ^moon meN is kaa jawaab dene kee koshish kee gayee hai.

(2) tafSeel

jab kisee kaam ke hone meN Z^aroorat se ziyaadah waqt lage to log kehte haiN keh: "taa tiryaaq az Iraq aavurdah shawad, maar-gazeedah murdah shawad" (jab tak "tiryaaq" Iraq se laayaa jaaYe gaa, saaNp kaa kaaTaa huwaa shaKhS mar chukaa hogaa!). is se chand baateN ma'loom huyeeN:

(a) :tiryaaq: aisee dawaa ko kehte haiN jo zehr kaa acar zaa,il kartee hai.

(b) :tiryaaq: is jumle meN :Iraq: kaa ham-qaafiyah hai. yanee is kaa aaKhiree Harf :qaaf: ma'loom hotaa hai, :kaaf: naheeN. goyaa is ko :tiryaak: likh`naa Ghalat^ ho saktaa hai!

internet kee ek meHfil meN Mirza "Yas" Yagana Changezi ke chand ash,a'ar ke Hawaaleh se logon ne :tiryaaq: ke muta,a'lliq chand sawaalaat uTh`aaYe haiN jo muKhtaSara" darj-e-zel haiN:

(1) Mirza SaaHeb ne :tiryaaq: ko :tiryaak: likh` kar :Khaak: kaa ham-qaafiyah baaNdh`aa hai jab.k us ko :aafaaq, aKhlaaq: waGhaira ka ham-qaafiya honaa chaahiYe. aisee faash Ghalat^ee kee Mirza Yagana jaise SaaHeb-e-i'lm se tavaqqo' naheeN kee jaa saktee hai. is kaa mat^lab yeh hai keh yeh mas,alah tafteesh-t^alab hai!

(2) Mirza SaaHeb ne :tiryaaq: ko apnee teHreer meN :muZakkar: baaNdh`aa hai jab.k doosre eHbaab ne is lafz^ ko ek muddat se :mu,annac: likh`aa dekh`aa hai. ab yeh amr bh`ee teHqeeq-t^alab huwaa keh :tiryaaq: kee jins kyaa hai?

aaiYe ab in sawaalaat par adabee nuqtah-e-nigaah se beHs kee jaaYe. is beHc ko sahooat kee Khaat^ir do (2) abwaab meN munqasik kiyaa jaa rahaa hai.

(I) :tiryaaq: yaa :tiryaak:?

alfaaz^ kee teHqeeq ke do (2) aasaan t^areeqe haiN: (1) luGhaat aur (2) asaatiZah kaa kalaam.

LuGhaat-e-Kishoree aur FarhaNg-e-A'amirah donoN meN in alfaaz^ ke m'anee yooN darj haiN:

tiryaaq: zehr kee murakkab dawaa, zehr-muhrah

tiryaak: dawaa-e-murakkab, daafi,e'-jamee'-ul-iqsaam-e-zehr; ist^ilaaHa" :afyoon: (opium)

is se m'aloom huwaa keh donoN alfaaz^ :zehr-maar: dawaa ke liYe musta'mil haiN. goyaa yeh alfaaz^ mut^laq ham-ma'nee haiN. mazeed yeh keh ist^ilaaHa" lafz^ :tiryaak: afyoon (opium) ke liYe bh`ee likh`aa jaataa hai.

a'llaamah "Iqbal" in alfaaz^ ko yooN naz^m karte haiN:

kal saaHil-e-daryaa peh kahaa mujh` se Khizar ne
too DhooND rahaa hai sam-e-afraNg kaa tiryaaq!

Laa-deeN ho to hai zehr-e-halaahal se bh`ee baRh` kar
ho deeN kee Hifaaz^at meN to har zehr kaa tiryaak!

in ash'aar se donoN imlaa kee (ya'nee :qaaf: aur :kaaf: vaale donoN alfaaz^ kee) taSdeeq ho jaatee hai. ph`ir yeh bh`ee ma'loom hotaa hai keh :tiryaaq: aur :tiryaak: donoN hee :muZakkar: haiN, :mu,annac: naheeN!

kisee ek lafz^ kaa muKhtalif asaatiZah yaa maZaahib-e-fikr (schools of thought) ke nazdeek muZakkar yaa mu,annac honaa a'in mumkin hai. macala" lafz :fikr: ko dekh`iYe:

mudda,e'e ko tiree talvaar se bachne kee fikr
kar diyaa teGh-e-girebaaN ne do-paarah Halqoom (Momin)

yahaaN :fikr: ko mu,annac kahaa gayaa hai!

lut^f-e-goyaayee meN teree ham-saree mumkin naheeN
ho taKhai,yyul kaa nah jab tak fikr-kaamil ham-nisheeN (Iqbal)

yahaaN "Iqbal" :fikr: ko muZakkar kehte haiN!

isee t^araH alfaaz^ kaa imlaa bh`ee muKhtalif ho saktaa hai, macala":

kal se ziyaadah aaj hai Gham kee farahamee, mubaad!
aaj se kal ziyaadah ho Haal kee apne abtaree (Momin)

yahaaN :mubaadah: (lest; ya'nee 'kaheeN aisaa nah ho keh') ko :mubaad: baaNdh`aa gayaa hai.

chilwan ke badle mujh` ko zameeN par giraa diyaa
us shoKh-e-be-jawaab ne pardah uTh`aa diyaa (Momin)

yahaaN :chilman: kee bajaaYe :chilvan: likh`aa gayaa hai. yeh mumkin hai keh Momin ke waqt meN is lafz^ ke donoN talaffuz^ a'waam meN musta'mil hoN.

Zaraa see aur teHqeeq keejiYe aur dekh`iYe keh "Ghalib" kyaa kehte haiN:

taazah naheeN hai nashsha-e-fikr-e-suKhan mujh`e
tiryaakee-e-qadeem hooN, dood-e-chiraaGh kaa

:tiryaakee: maaKhooZ hai :tiryaak: se aur is ke ma'nee haiN :afyoonee! goyaa she'r kaa mat^lab yeh hai keh: "meraa yeh zauq-e-she'ree koyee nayaa naheeN hai bal.k yeh chiraaGh ke dh`ueN kaa nashah to mujh` ko ek muddat se hai!"

yahaaN :chiraaGh ke dh`ueN: aur shaa,i'r ke :nashe: kaa ta,a'lluq samajh`ne ke liye yeh yaad rakh`naa Z^arooree hai keh "Ghalib" chiraaGh kee raushanee meN fikr-e-suKhan kaa Zikr kar rahe haiN. chiraaGh se dh`uaaN bh`ee nikaltaa hai aur afyoon ko bh`ee chilam (pipe) meN rakh` kar us ke dh`ueN se nashah kiyaa jaataa hai!

ummeed hai keh is tafSeel se sawaal ke pehle HiSSeh kee girah kh`ul gayee ho gee. Mirza "Yas" Yagana Changezi ne "Khaak" aur "tiryaak" ko ham-qaafiyah Ghalat^ hargiz naheeN baaNdh`aa hai. meraa Khayaal hai keh agar unhoN ne :Khaak: kaa ham-qaafiyah :tiryaaq: likh`aa hai to yeh kitaabat kee Ghalat^eee hai aur unhoN ne dar-aSl :tiryaak: hee likh`aa ho gaa.

(II) asaatiZah kaa ijtihaad

is meN koyee shak naheeN hai keh asaatiZah ne zabaan-o-bayaan meN muKhtalif ijtihaadaat kiYe haiN aur un kee taqleed meN doosroN ne in ijtihaadaat ko ista'maal bh`ee kiyaa hai. yeh Soorat-e-Haal taqreeba" har maidaan meN hai.

ustaad pehalwaan naYe daa,oN nikaalte haiN. moseeqee ke maahireeN naYe raag eejaad karte haiN (abh`ee Haal hee meN ustad Amjad Khan ne Lata Mangeshkar ke Khaandaan kee Khidmaat ke e'tiraaf meN :raag Mangesharee: nikaalaa hai), aur adab-o-sh'er ke asaatiZah zabaan-o-bayaan meN ijtihaad karte haiN.

aaj bh`ee yeh kaam jaaree hai aur aazaad shaa,i'ree, nacree naz^m, haiku, culaacee waGhairah ko ham in ijtihaadaat meN gin sakte haiN, har-chand keh adab meN in aSnaaf meN se beshtar kee Haiciyyat mushtabah hai.

Himayat Ali "Shair" ne ek naz^m iKhtiraa' kee hai jis meN Sirf ek miSra' hotaa hai! is ko :ek miSre' waalee naz^m: keh leejiYe! is Sinf-e-suKhan kee teen micaaleN mulaaHi^zah keejiYe. har 'naz^m' ke shuroo' meN us kaa u'nvaan de diyaa gayaa hai:

(1) dosheezagee: nah muskaraaYe to gulzaar, muskuraaYe to phool!

(2) mustaqbil: raat kee goad meN soyaa huawaa mehtaab kaa Khwaab!

(3) a'waam: raat sooraj ko nigal saktee hai, taaroN ko naheeN!

Shair SaaHeb adab kee ek ma'roof shaKhSiyat haiN, lekin unkee in "yak-miSre'e naz^moN" se in kee kam-qeematee z^aahir hai.

ab reh gayaa yeh savaal keh ham sab ko ijtihaad kaa Haq kyoN HaaSil naheeN hai? is kaa seedh`aa jawaab to yeh hai keh: "yeh Haq ham ko Z^aroor HaaSil hai!" lekin yeh soch leejiYe keh apne i'lm aur tajribeh kee kamee ke baa,ic aisee koshish be-sood aur maZ^Hakah-Khez nah caabit ho! is se kaheeN behtar hai keh ham jaane pehchaane uSooloN par chaleN aur apne I'lm ko vasee' karne kee koshish kareN. aaKhir dunyaa ko yeh kehne kaa mauqah denaa kahaaN kee daanish-maNdee hai keh:

har bul-hawis ne Husn-parastee shi,a'ar kee
ab aabroo-e-shevah-e-ahl-e-naz^ar gayee!

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