pooch`te haiN woh keh Ghalib kaun hai?

Pooch`te haiN woh keh Ghalib kaun hai?

(I) Tamheed:

:internet: kee Urdu meHfiloN meN likh`ne waaloN meN beshtar log kam tajribehkaar haiN aur bohat se nau-aamoz bh`ee haiN. albattah yeh Haqeeqat nihaayat dilKhush-kun aur HauSilah-afzaa hai keh har ek ko seekh`ne aur apnee she'ree koshishoN meN taraqqee kaa shauq hai aur woh is silsileh meN apnee see meHnat bh`ee kar rahe haiN. maiN apne tajribeh kee binaa par be-takalluf yeh kehne ko tai,yyaar hooN keh aise :likh`aariyoN: kee ta'daad jo apnee Ghalat^iyoN kee iSlaaH ke KhwaahaaN naheeN haiN aur Khush-niyyatee se dee huyee tajaaweez par Khafaa ho jaate haiN :aaTe meN namak: ke baraabar hai. yeh Soorat-e-Haal :internet: kee Urdu meHfiloN ke liYe bohat ummeed-afzaa hai. bohat see meHfiloN meN tanqeed-o-tabSireh kaa silsilah chal rahaa hai, adabee aur she'ree beHc ho rahee hai, tabaadilah-e-Khayaal se nayee sochoN ke darwaaze kh`ul rahe haiN aur a'am t^aur se sab dost is se mut^ma,in haiN. is meN koyee shak naheeN hai keh aise tamaam iSlaaHee t^areeqe behtar aur ziyaadah munaz^z^am banaaYe jaa sakte haiN aur in kaa ma'yaar baland kiyaa jaa saktaa hai, lekin ph`ir bh`ee jo kuch` ho rahaa hai woh aisaa kam-maayah aur be-e'tibaar bh`ee naheeN hai keh us ko naz^ar-andaaz kiyaa jaa sake. is Khushgawaar Soorat-e-Haal ke liYe ham sab naYe :likh`aariyoN: ke shukr-guZaar haiN aur ummeed karte haiN keh woh isee t^araH Urdu ke kaam ko aage baRhaate raheN ge.

yahaaN net par hone waale she'ree aur adabee iSlaaHee kaam ke Hawaaleh se ek aham baat kahnaa Z^arooree hai. aise kaam ke liYe do a'naaSir kaa honaa Z^arooree hai:

(1) aise eHbaab nin ko she'r-o-adab kaa Zauq-o-shauq hai aur jo apnee koshishoN meN behtaree bh`ee chaahate haiN. :oopar waale: kee mehrbaanee se hamaaree meHfiloN meN aise dostoN kee kamee naheeN hai.

(2) aise aSHaab-e-i'lm jo adab-o-she'r ke maidaan meN wasee' tajribah rakh`te haiN aur naYe likh`ne waaloN kee rehnumaayee aur madad ke liYe tai,yyaar haiN. afsos keh is Hawaaleh se ham ko apnee kam-maayagee aur kotaahee kaa e'tiraaf karnaa hee paRtaa hai. do ek Urdu-dost aSHaab ke i'laawah door door tak iSlaaH dene waale naz^ar naheeN aate haiN. us par yeh sitam bh`ee hai keh baar baar kee darKhwaast ke baa-wujood bohat kam dost is jaanib mutawajjeh huwe haiN.

z^aahir hai keh net par iSlaaH-o-tanqeed kaa kaam itnaa baRaa hai keh ek do ashKhaaS ke bas kee baat naheeN hai. yeh kaam to mil jul kar bohat se dostoN ko karnaa chaahiYe. maiN un gine-chune logoN meN se hooN jo is maidaan meN sargarm haiN. maiN yeh kaam apne shauq aur Urdu se muHabbat kee wajh se kartaa hooN. ba'Z^ auqaat yeh kaam :gunaah-e-belaZZat: bh`ee ho jaataa hai lekin aise waqt maiN Khud ko yeh keh kar tasallee de letaa hooN keh: eeN ham andar aa'shiqee balaa-e-GhamhaaYe digar:! (a'ashiqee ke doosre GhamoN meN ek yeh Gham bh`ee shaamil hai!).

mere paas bohat se dost apnaa kalaam iSlaaH ke liYe bh`ejte haiN jin ko maiN imkaanee Had tak dekh` letaa hooN. kabh`ee kabh`ee is kaam meN taaKheer bh`ee ho jaatee hai lekin kaam ph`ir bh`ee jaaree hai. mujh` ko yaqeen hai keh aisaa hee mere doosre tajribehkaar dostoN ke saath hotaa ho gaa.

isee t^araH mere paas bohat se dostoN ke e-mail aur Khat^ aate haiN keh maiN un ko apnaa shaagird banaa looN. maiN un se hameshah hee ma'Zirat kar letaa hooN keh maiN is qaabil naheeN hooN. lekin mujh` ko un kaa kalaam dekh` kar apnee raaYe dene meN kabh`ee koyee ta,ammul naheeN rahaa hai.

(II) Aamadam bar-sar-e-mat^lab:

is teHreer kaa Khayaal mujh` ko Haal hee meN aayaa jab.k maiN Aligarh Muslim University Magazine (Ghalib Number, 1969) ko paRh rahaa th`aa. is meN Aftab Ahmad Shamsi kaa ek maZ^moon "Ghalib: ustaad-e-fan aur Adabee Rehnumaa" ke u'nwaan se maujood hai jis meN Mirza Ghalib ke t^areeq-e-iSlaaH par tafSeel se guftgoo kee gayee hai aur muKhtalif micaaloN se woh baateN waaZ^eH kee gayee haiN jin ko Ghalib ek ustaad ke liYe Z^arooree samajh`te th`e. meree yeh teHreer isee maZ^moon kee bunyaaad par likh`ee gayee hai. is maZ^moon se yeh baat bh`ee waaZ^eH ho jaaYe gee keh maiN ksiee ko apnee shaagirdee meN lene se kyoN parhez kartaa hooN aur Khud ko :ustaadee: ke e'zaaz kaa mustaHiq kyoN naheeN samajh`taa hooN. kuch` dost mere inkaar ko ra,o'onat (arrogance) aur kuch` bejaa inkisaar kehte haiN jab.k Haqeeqat Sirf itnee see hai keh mujh` meN woh SalaaHiyateN haiN hee naheeN jin se koyee shaKhS :ustaadee: ke manSab par baiTh saktaa hai. albataah jahaaN tak kisee ke kalaam par apnee raaYe dene, tajaaweez pesh karne aur apnee Had tak rehnumaayee kaa sawaal hai is se nah pehle kabh`ee inkaar rahaa hai aur nah aa,indah ho gaa!

ab aa,iYe dekh`eN keh ek :ustaad: ke liYe kin SalaaHiyatoN kee Z^aroorat hai aur kyoN ham meN se beshtar log kisee ko SaHeeH ma'nee meN iSlaaH naheeN de sakte haiN.

ustaadee-shaagirdee ke Hawaaleh se Dr. Abdul Haq risaalah :Urdu: meN likh`te haiN keh:

"hamaare yahaaN ustaadee aur shaagirdee kaa a'jab t^areeqah chalaa aa rahaa hai. magar ab us kee woh shaan aur aadaab baaqee naheeN rahe. us waqt mashq-e-suKhan aur shaa,i'ree kee tarbiyat kaa yehee ek Zari,a'h th`aa. baa-kamaal ustaad apne shaagird ko bataataa aur she'r-o-shaa,i'ree ke guroN se waaqif karaataa aur KhaaS kar alfaaz^ ke SaHeeH ista'maal, zabaan kee faSaaHat, bol-chaal kee cafaayee, usloob-e-bayaan, maZ^moon adaa karne kaa DhaNg samjh`aataa th'aa. hamaare yahaaN sab se baRaa madrisah yehee th`aa."

ustaadee-shaagirdee kee yeh riwaayat ab waqt aur zamaaneh kee taaraaj kaa shikaar ho kar taqreeba" naa-paid ho gayee hai. is ke jo Kharaab nataa,ij she'r-o-adab par murattab huwe haiN un se har SaaHeb-e-naz^ar waaqif hai. Urdu adab meN kamzoree kaa ek baRaa sabab is riwaayat kaa kamzor ho jaanaa bh`ee hai. ham meN se jinhoN ne ustaadoN ko dekh`aa hai woh Khoob jaante haiN keh ustaad kaise a'alim, zabaan-daaN, jumlah u'loom se waaqif aur apne fan ke maahir huwaa karte th`e. yeh kehnaa to Ghalat^ ho gaa keh har ustaad aisaa hee th`aa lekin akcar asaatiZah ko is giroh meN aasaanee se shaamil kiyaa jaa saktaa hai. yahaaN un baatoN par ek naz^ar Daalnaa munaasib ma'loom hotaa hai jin kaa ek ustaad meN honaa Z^arooree samjh`aa jaataa th`aa.

maulaanaa :Seemab: Akbarabadi apne waqt ke bohat mash,hoor ustaad th`e aur i'lm-e-a'rooZ^ ke zabardast maahir bh`ee th`e. is kaa andaazah is se kiyaa jaa saktaa hai keh apne shaagird-e-rasheed mere waalid marHoom Raz Chandpuri kee farmaayish par Seemab SaaHeb ne Sirf ek din meN a'rooZ^ kee bunyaadee baatoN par ek risaalah likh` kar un ko i'naayat kiyaa th`aa. yeh risaalah waalid marHoom kee library meN th`aa aur maiN is se mustafeed ho chukaa hooN. Seemab SaaHeb apnee kitaab :Dastoor-ul-iSlaaH: meN ek ustaad ke liYe jin baatoN ko Z^arooree samajh`te haiN yooN bayaan karte haiN:

(1)yeh Z^arooree hai keh ustaad apne Khayaalaat ko madd-e-naz^ar rakh`te huwe apne shaagirdoN ke muKhtalif aur go-naagooN Khayaalaat kee iSlaaH kar sake. iSlaaH dene waale ke saamne har qism kee GhazaleN aur naz^meN aatee haiN. iKhtilaaf-e-Khayaalaat se use kabeedah naheeN honaa chaahiYe. iSlaaH dene waale kaa mashrab bohat wasee' honaa chaahiYe taa.k woh har shaKhS kaa fit^ree rujHaan samajh`ne ke ba'd us kee rehnumaayee kar sake.

(2) iSlaaH dete waqt us ko is baat kaa Khayaal rahe keh shaa,i'r ke Khayaalaat nah badleN aur she'r meN fannee, lisaanee aur adabee Ghalat^iyaaN door ho jaaYeN. is liYe iSlaaH dene waale kaa mubliGh i'lm-o-kamaal ba-e'tibaar-e-a'rooZ^-o-u'loom aur ba-e'tibaar-e-zabaandaanee musallam-o-mukammal honaa chaahiYe. jin logoN ko zabaan aur us ke muHaawiroN par, i'lm-e-a'rooZ^ aur i'lm -e-qaafiyeh par aur tamaam muravvijah zabaanoN par kaafee u'boor nah ho woh iSlaaH naheeN de sakte. u'loom-o-funoon par bh`ee kaafee u'boor hone se kaam naheeN chaltaa hai. iSlaaH dene waale meN ijtihaadee quwwat, qaadir-ul-kalaamee aur Khallaaqaanah Zehniyat kee Z^aroorat hai warnah us kee iSlaaH se iSlaaH lene waale kee taraqqee naheeN ho saktee aur nah woh har-jehtee iSlaaH kar saktaa hai.

(3) iSlaaH den ewaale kaa Khazeenah-e-ma'loomaat itnaa ma'moor honaa chaahiYe keh baa-wujood taqseem-e-Khayaalaat ke Khaalee nah ho sake.

(4) jis raNg meN kisee kee Ghazal ho usee raNg meN iSlaaH denee chaahiYe. ba'Z^ shoa'ra aasaan zabaan pasand karte haiN, lihaaZah iSlaaH bh`ee aasaan zabaan meN honee chaahiYe. ba'Z^ kaa t^arz-e-suKhan baleeGh hotaa hai, is liYe iSlaaH meN bh`ee shaan-e-balaaGhat honee chaahiYe.

(5) shaagirdoN kee Ghazal meN poore poore she'r apnee t^araf se baRhaa denaa un ke saath` dushmanee karnaa hai. jab woh is baat ke a'adee ho jaate haiN to un kaa jee chaahataa hai keh ustaad apne qalam se Ghazal meN kuch` she'r baRhaa diyaa kare.

(6) iSlaaH dete waqt shaagirdoN kee u'mr, i'lm aur mashaaGhil aur rujHaanaat kaa Z^aroor Khayaal rakh`naa chaahiYe. macala" ek shaKhs kee u'mr chaudah saal hai, mashGhalah ta'leem hai aur rujHaan Sirf ma'moolee mauZ^oo,a'at kee t^araf hai to aise shaKhS ke kalaam meN peeraanah-saalee ke jaZbaat aur Khit^aabat kaa iZ^aafah nah honaa chaahiYe. albattah jab woh Khud apne rujHaanaat meN taraqqee kare aur us kaa Zehn-e-baaliGh baland maZ^aameen paidaa karne lage to iSlaaH kaa pairaayah bh`ee baland ho saktaa hai.

puraane zamaaneh meN asaatiZah apnee iSlaaH meN kaisee kaisee baareek baatoN kaa Khayaal rakh`te th`e is kaa andaazah neeche dee huyee do micaaloN se ho saktaa hai:

(a) Mir Anis kee marciah-nigaaree kaa ek zamaanah qaa,il hai. unhoN ne ek marciah likh`te waqt yeh miSra' kahaa:

Shimar Khanjar liYe aataa hai mire baap ke paas

unhoN ne is miSre' ko apne waalid Mir Khaleeq ko dikh`aayaa aur un kee raaYe chaahee. Mir Khaleeq bh`ee bohat achh`e marciah-go th`e. unheN jab yeh ma'loom huwaa keh yeh miSra' Sakinah se kehalwaayaa gayaa hai to unhoN ne beTe se pooch`aa keh :janaab! us waqt Sakina kee u'mr kyaa th`ee?: Mir Anis ne jawaab diyaa keh :yehee koyee Dhaayee yaa teen saal:! is par Mir Khaleeq ne farmaayaa keh :itnee ch`oTee u'mr meN yeh imtiyaaz keh yeh Shimar hee hai jo Khanjar liYe aa rahaa hai mumkin naheeN hai: aur miSra' yooN kar diyaa:

koyee Khanjar liYe aataa hai mire baap ke paas

(b) Shaikh Mubarak Abroo bohat paaYe ke ustaad th`e. un kaa ek she'r hai:

naheeN taare bh`are haiN shak ke nuqt^
is qadar nusKhah-e-falak hai Ghalat^

MIr Taqi Mir ne yeh she'r dekh`aa to kahaa keh :agar bajaaYe "is qadar", "kis qadar" mee guft, she'r ba-aasmaaN mee raseed:. ya'nee :agar shaa,i'r ne "is qadar" kee bajaaYe "kis qadar" kahaa hotaa to she'r aasmaan ko poNhach jaataa:. aur sach bh`ee yehee hai!

Aftab Shamsi SaaHeb ne Mirza Ghalib kee teHreeroN (KhaaS t^aur se un ke Khat^oN) se un kee iSlaaH-e-suKhan ke bohat se uSoool nikaale haiN aur un par mufaSSil beHc kee hai. maZ^moon kee t^awaalat ke pesh-e-naz^ar sab tafSeel denaa mumkin naheeN hai. is liYe woh uSool jin ko Ghalib apnee iSlaaH meN ista'maal karte th`e muKhtaSara" bayaan kiYe jaate haiN.

(1) woh apne shaagirdoN kee iSlaaH bohat meHnat aur jigar-sozee se karte th`e aur she'r be-a'ib hone kee Soorat meN shaagird ko mar,o'ob karne kee Khaat^ir Khwaah-maKhwaah Ghalat^ee naheeN nikaalte th`e. ek Khat^ meN apne ek shaagird Qazi Abdul Jalil ko likh`te haiN: "aap kaa nawaazish-naamah poNhchaa. GhazaleN dekh`ee gayeeN. faqeer kaa qaa,i'dah hai keh agar kalaam meN isqaam-o-aGhlaat^ dekh`taa hooN to rafa' kar detaa hooN aur agar suqm se Khaalee paataa hooN to taSarruf naheeN kartaa. pas qasam kh`aataa hooN keh in GhazaloN meN iSlaah kee jagah naheeN".

(2) agar koyee baat naz^ar se chook jaatee aur shaagird is jaanib tawajjoh dilaate to faura" apnee Ghalat^ee kaa e'tiraaf kar lete th`e. unhoN ne Munshi Har Gopal :tuftah: ke naam ek Khat^ meN apnee ek Ghalat^ee ka e'tiraaf kiyaa hai aur apnee iSlaaH waapas lete huwe likh`aa hai keh "tumhaaraa taSarruf mustaHsin hai. jis t^araH tum ne likh`aa hai usee t^araH rehne do". is se Ghalib kee faraaKh-dilee aur a'alee-z^arfee z^aahir hotee hai.

(3) woh she'r ko meHZ^ alfaaz kaa gorakh`-dh`andaa banaane ke Khilaaf th`e. Ghair maanoos taraakeeb, tanaafur-e-lafz^ee aur naa-mustaHsin qaafiyoN ko baaNdh`naa pasand naheeN karte th`e.

(4) Mirza Ghalib shaa,i'ree meN meHnat aur jigar-sozee ke qaa,il th`e. faSeeH aur rawaaN beHroN aur zameenoN ko pasand karte th`e. Khud-iHtisaabee ke saKhtee se paaband th`e aur apne kalaam par belaag tanqeedee nigaah Daale baGhair doosroN ke saamne pesh naheeN karte th`e.

(5) shaa,i'ree meN kamaal HaaSil karne ke liYe woh i'lm-e-a'rooZ^ aur i'lm--e-qaafiyah ke HuSool par zor dete th`e. un kaa Khaayaal th`aa keh jo shaKhS in u'loom par u'boor naheeN rakh`taa hai woh SaHeeH iSlaaH naheeN de saktaa hai.

(6) ta'qeed-e-lafz^ee-o-ma'nawee, mustanad aur Taksaalee zabaan-o-muHaawirah se naa-waaqifiyat, she'riyat aur lut^f-e-bayaan kee kamee aur she'r meN ma'nee-aafreenee ke bajaaYe qaafiyah-paimaayee ko woh Ghalat^ jaante th`e.

(III) IKhtitaamiyah:

oopar kee baatoN se z^aahir hai keh iSlaaH denaa koyee bachchoN kaa kh`el naheeN hai. is ke liYe wasee' i'lm, a'laa she'ree Zauq, u'loom-e-a'rooZ^-o-qaafiyah se waaqifiyat, zaban-o-bayaan, qawaa,id, aur muHaawireh par u'boor aur shaa,i'roN kee apnee Z^arooriyaat aur SalaaHiyatoN kaa iHsaas aur iHtiraam bohat Z^arooree haiN. yeh bh`ee z^aahir hai keh har ustaad achh`aa ustaad naheeN ho saktaa hai. fannee kamzoriyaaN door karnaa ek cheez hai aur apne shaagirdoN kee SalaaHiyatoN kee aabyaaree, un kee SaHeeH ta'leem aur un kee t^abee,a't kaa liHaaz^ rakh`te huwe iSlaaH denaa ek alag cheez hai. yeh ustaadaanah SalaaHiyat ek aisee cheez hai keh jis ke baare meN yeh kehnaa b.ilkul munaasib hai keh:

eeN sa,a'adat bazor-e-baazoo neest
taa nah baKhsahd Khudaa-e-baKhshindah

(yeh sa,a'adat apnee quwwat-e-baazoo se naheeN HaaSil kee jaa saktee hai jab tak keh baKhshish karne waalaa apne karam se nah nawaaze!)

z^aahir hai keh mujh` meN woh SalaaHiyat naheeN hai jo ek ustaad meN honee chaahiYe. yehee wajh hai keh maiN kisee ko :iSlaaaH: naheeN detaa hooN. jo kuch` maiN kisee kee taKhleeq ke Hawaaleh se apne tabSireh meN kehtaa hooN us kee Haiciyyat Sirf tabaadilah-e-Khayaal, tajaaweez yaa :fikr ba-aawaaz-e-baland: (thinking out loud) se ziyaadah naheeN hai. lekin is kaa yeh mat^lab naheeN hai keh :internet: par koyee doosraa bh`ee apne daaman meN yeh Sifaat naheeN rakh`taa hai. yeh mumkin hai keh ham aise eHbaab se waaqif naheeN haiN. aise aSHaab se iltimaas hai keh woh apnaa iSlaaHee kaam jaaree rakh`eN aur apne i'lm se ham sab ko faiZ^ poNhchaate raheN. Urdu adab-o-she'r aur in meHfiloN meN aane waale sab dost un ke mamnoon raheN ge:

t^air kar chukaa hooN raah-e-muHabbat ke marHale
is se ziyaadah Haajat-e-sharH-o-bayaaN naheeN! (Raz Chandpuri)

Sarwar A. Raz "Sarwar"

ادبی مضمون